<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833</id><updated>2012-02-15T23:25:48.589-08:00</updated><title type='text'>張雲坡今評媒</title><subtitle type='html'>牢牢把握正確輿論導向</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>170</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-190712675776545397</id><published>2009-05-15T02:07:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-15T02:07:37.313-07:00</updated><title type='text'>紙幣</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sg0w0_X3C5I/AAAAAAAAAY4/wD0mfvpjggo/s1600-h/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090515.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335974820426746770" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 304px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sg0w0_X3C5I/AAAAAAAAAY4/wD0mfvpjggo/s400/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090515.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-190712675776545397?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/190712675776545397/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=190712675776545397' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/190712675776545397'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/190712675776545397'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_15.html' title='紙幣'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sg0w0_X3C5I/AAAAAAAAAY4/wD0mfvpjggo/s72-c/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090515.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-7410064094726517252</id><published>2009-05-14T19:09:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-14T19:10:54.469-07:00</updated><title type='text'>婁燁作品</title><content type='html'>&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335867397980808306" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 264px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgzPILk75HI/AAAAAAAAAYw/fIPLl_Y5fCg/s400/%E5%A8%84%E7%83%A8.jpg" border="0" /&gt;Chinese actors, (from left) Chen Sicheng, Tan Zhuo, Qin Hao and Wu Wei star in Chun Feng Chen Zui De Ye Wan (Spring Fever), from controversial Chinese director Lou Ye. &lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;LOIC VENANCE / AFP / Getty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-7410064094726517252?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/7410064094726517252/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=7410064094726517252' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7410064094726517252'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7410064094726517252'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_7313.html' title='婁燁作品'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgzPILk75HI/AAAAAAAAAYw/fIPLl_Y5fCg/s72-c/%E5%A8%84%E7%83%A8.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-5168811801543208382</id><published>2009-05-13T23:13:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T23:13:47.486-07:00</updated><title type='text'>東靈的詩</title><content type='html'>就像你時常消失在人海&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;東靈子&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;該怎樣澄清你內心真實的部分&lt;br /&gt;啄木鳥篤篤篤了一個下午&lt;br /&gt;也沒有啄去一小片樹林的陰影&lt;br /&gt;那叢野花，好久沒有蜜蜂來探訪&lt;br /&gt;兀自濃烈的、寂靜的香著&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;該怎樣在夜裏恰到好處地夢你&lt;br /&gt;只需幾日的真意相處&lt;br /&gt;把前程看得雲淡風輕&lt;br /&gt;幼時的鐵環總是會滾落山坡&lt;br /&gt;就像你時常消失在人海，又被我的夢找到&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2009-5-12&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-5168811801543208382?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/5168811801543208382/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=5168811801543208382' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5168811801543208382'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5168811801543208382'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_13.html' title='東靈的詩'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-5654134763290701483</id><published>2009-05-13T20:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T20:56:51.437-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Myanmar's Suu Kyi to be tried</title><content type='html'>&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335521205231342002" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 300px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguURHFg0bI/AAAAAAAAAXg/pyRV-ETntrY/s400/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B11.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;YANGON,AP ,Myanmar –&lt;/span&gt; Myanmar's pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi was taken by armed escort Thursday to a prison compound where she will be tried in connection with the intrusion of an American man who sneaked into her compound, her lawyer said.&lt;br /&gt;Such a trial could justify another extension of Suu Kyi's yearslong detention, which officially ends May 27. In the past the junta — which regards the Nobel Peace laureate as the biggest threat to their rule — has found reasons to extend her periods of house arrest, which international jurors say is illegal even under Myanmar's own law.&lt;br /&gt;It was not immediately clear what accusation she faced, but Myanmar exile groups said she was likely to be charged under a catchall public security law and could face a prison term of up to seven years.&lt;br /&gt;An American man, John William Yettaw, was arrested last week for allegedly swimming a lake to secretly enter Suu Kyi's home and stay there for two days. His motives remain unclear.&lt;br /&gt;"Everyone is very angry with this wretched American. He is the cause of all these problems," Suu Kyi's lawyer Kyi Win told reporters.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguUNHmvagI/AAAAAAAAAXY/Ukr5w3voKVg/s1600-h/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B12.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguWWXZ4PXI/AAAAAAAAAX4/kiFl4AvEqJM/s1600-h/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B12.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335523494534331762" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 288px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguWWXZ4PXI/AAAAAAAAAX4/kiFl4AvEqJM/s400/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B12.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Kyi Win said that Suu Kyi told him she didn't invite the American and that she told him to leave her home. The lawyer said that the incident was merely a breach of security in the lakeside area where authorities normally keep close watch over Suu Kyi and her household.&lt;br /&gt;Earlier Thursday, a motorcade accompanied by armed police, drove Suu Kyi and two women who live with her from their lakeside villa to Insein Prison. They were escorted into the closely guarded prison through a side gate.&lt;br /&gt;Kyi Win indicated that Suu Kyi would likely be held at Insein Prison since authorities had made arrangements to take care of her house in coming days. The notorious prison holds both common criminals and political prisoners, with international human rights groups alleging that torture and mistreatment of prisoners are common.&lt;br /&gt;One of many strict rules the junta imposes on citizens is that they must notify local officials about any overnight visitor who is not a family member. The law also states that foreigners are not allowed to spend the night at a local's home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguUJykb-uI/AAAAAAAAAXQ/j4ajwuyXYGc/s1600-h/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B13.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335521079464819426" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 277px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguUJykb-uI/AAAAAAAAAXQ/j4ajwuyXYGc/s400/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B13.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Some members of Suu Kyi's party, the National League for Democracy, have been jailed for about two weeks for violating that law.&lt;br /&gt;Also to be tried are Suu Kyi's two helpers — Khin Khin Win, 65, and her daughter Win Ma Ma, 41 — who have lived with her since she was last detained in 2003.&lt;br /&gt;Suu Kyi, 63, has already spent more than 13 of the last 19 years — including the past six — in detention without trial for her nonviolent promotion of democracy, despite international pressure for her release.&lt;br /&gt;She has recently been ill, suffering from dehydration and low blood pressure. Her condition improved this week after a visit from a doctor who administered an intravenous drip, Nyan Win said on Tuesday.&lt;br /&gt;"Please tell them (reporters) I am well," the lawyer quoted Suu Kyi as saying. But he added: "I am very concerned about Suu Kyi's health, even though she said she is well."&lt;br /&gt;According to the U.S. Campaign for Burma, a Washington, D.C.-based lobbying group opposed to military rule in Myanmar, Suu Kyi and her two helpers were to be tried together with Suu Kyi's personal doctor, Tin Myo Win, and Yettaw.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguUUsxbQSI/AAAAAAAAAXo/wB1kdgVUW8U/s1600-h/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B1%E7%B4%A0%E5%A7%AC.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguVw4epuZI/AAAAAAAAAXw/KbfTj-gu-lc/s1600-h/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B1%E7%B4%A0%E5%A7%AC.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335522850577693074" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 284px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguVw4epuZI/AAAAAAAAAXw/KbfTj-gu-lc/s400/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B1%E7%B4%A0%E5%A7%AC.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The doctor was arrested without explanation last week, a day after Yettaw was taken into custody.&lt;br /&gt;In an e-mailed statement, it said they would they would be charged with violating a section of the Emergency Provision Act on public order and security, which is often used against political dissidents. The charge would carry a maximum prison term of seven years.&lt;br /&gt;The lobbying group did not say where it got its information.&lt;br /&gt;"This is the cunning plan of the regime to put Daw Aung San Suu Kyi in continuous detention beyond the six years allowed by the law they used to justify the detention of her," the group said. Daw is a term of respect used for older women.&lt;br /&gt;"This also shows total defiance of the regime to the United Nations and the international community who have been consistently and repeatedly calling for the regime to release all political prisoners, including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi," the group said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguUF5dPRuI/AAAAAAAAAXI/G31hLc-Oxr0/s1600-h/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B14.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335521012594198242" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 330px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 371px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguUF5dPRuI/AAAAAAAAAXI/G31hLc-Oxr0/s400/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B14.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;A U.S. diplomat was allowed to visit Yettaw on Wednesday. Myanmar state television showed a still photo of Yettaw meeting with consular chief Colin Furst. A U.S. diplomat said the meeting lasted 30 minutes and that Yettaw said he had been treated well.&lt;br /&gt;The diplomat, who insisted on anonymity because he is not authorized to speak to reporters, said Yettaw had not at that time been formally charged with any crime. He did not elaborate, calling the issue sensitive.&lt;br /&gt;Wednesday's TV report said the meeting took place at the Aung Tha-byay police station in Yangon, which in the past has been used for detention and interrogation of suspected political dissidents.&lt;br /&gt;Myanmar's state-run newspapers reported last week that Yettaw, 53, of Falcon, Missouri, swam on the night of May 3 to Suu Kyi's lakeside home and departed by swimming a longer 1 1/4-mile (2-kilometer) route on the night of May 5, before being arrested the next morning.&lt;br /&gt;The report said his motive was under investigation.&lt;br /&gt;There are no known previous cases of anyone sneaking into Suu Kyi's home, though a well-informed account earlier this week on a pro-government Web site said Yettaw admitted to making a similar secret visit late last year.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-5654134763290701483?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/5654134763290701483/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=5654134763290701483' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5654134763290701483'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5654134763290701483'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/myanmars-suu-kyi-to-be-tried.html' title='Myanmar&apos;s Suu Kyi to be tried'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SguURHFg0bI/AAAAAAAAAXg/pyRV-ETntrY/s72-c/%E6%98%82%E5%B1%B11.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-846098640718700071</id><published>2009-05-12T22:13:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-12T22:15:16.571-07:00</updated><title type='text'>聲音收藏之practice_what_you_preach</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgpXXNPKJuI/AAAAAAAAAXA/ATRt28owfzM/s1600-h/barry+w.gif"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335172764775622370" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 272px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 313px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgpXXNPKJuI/AAAAAAAAAXA/ATRt28owfzM/s400/barry+w.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/52-practice_what_you_preach(barry_white"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/52-practice_what_you_preach(barry_white&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-846098640718700071?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/846098640718700071/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=846098640718700071' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/846098640718700071'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/846098640718700071'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_4787.html' title='聲音收藏之practice_what_you_preach'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgpXXNPKJuI/AAAAAAAAAXA/ATRt28owfzM/s72-c/barry+w.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-4724190779437957924</id><published>2009-05-12T21:51:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-12T21:57:19.432-07:00</updated><title type='text'>聲音收藏之i_can_laugh_about_it_now</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/2394-i_can_laugh_about_it_now(black"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/2394-i_can_laugh_about_it_now(black&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;I can laugh about it now,&lt;br /&gt;but couldn't then&lt;br /&gt;you made me ache,&lt;br /&gt;so I went for a run&lt;br /&gt;in the driving rain&lt;br /&gt;through your&lt;br /&gt;neighbourhood&lt;br /&gt;streets&lt;br /&gt;and then there you were,&lt;br /&gt;a shilouette in the&lt;br /&gt;wet night air.&lt;br /&gt;Me in my pumps in&lt;br /&gt;the pouring rain in&lt;br /&gt;a kind of despair&lt;br /&gt;upon finding you there,&lt;br /&gt;couldn't whisper your name.&lt;br /&gt;So, I can laugh about it now&lt;br /&gt;by your side&lt;br /&gt;Oh I can laugh about it now&lt;br /&gt;by your side&lt;br /&gt;Oh, sha la la la,&lt;br /&gt;we're all in trouble,&lt;br /&gt;is there room in the sky&lt;br /&gt;for all of us angels here&lt;br /&gt;on earth?&lt;br /&gt;And the very next day,&lt;br /&gt;through the shrieks of the crowd&lt;br /&gt;came your careless self&lt;br /&gt;your oh-so-couldn't&lt;br /&gt;careless self.&lt;br /&gt;And you just pass me by, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;your friends catch my eyes&lt;br /&gt;"we know you love her,&lt;br /&gt;we saw you dancing&lt;br /&gt;with her shadow".&lt;br /&gt;And I couldn't disagree,&lt;br /&gt;and for the life of me&lt;br /&gt;I could call out your name,&lt;br /&gt;and call out your name,&lt;br /&gt;and call out your name.&lt;br /&gt;Oh, I can laugh about it now&lt;br /&gt;by your side&lt;br /&gt;I can laugh about it now&lt;br /&gt;by your side.&lt;br /&gt;Oh, sha la la la,&lt;br /&gt;we're all in trouble,&lt;br /&gt;is there room in the sky&lt;br /&gt;for all of us angels here&lt;br /&gt;on earth?&lt;br /&gt;Sha la la la,&lt;br /&gt;oh we're all in trouble,&lt;br /&gt;or is there room in the sky&lt;br /&gt;for all of us angels here&lt;br /&gt;on earth?, on earth?&lt;br /&gt;I can laugh about it now&lt;br /&gt;I can laugh about it now&lt;br /&gt;by your side.&lt;br /&gt;Oh, sha la la la,&lt;br /&gt;oh we're all in trouble,&lt;br /&gt;or is there room in the sky&lt;br /&gt;for all of us angels here&lt;br /&gt;on earth?&lt;br /&gt;Sha la la la,&lt;br /&gt;we're all in trouble,&lt;br /&gt;or is there room in the sky&lt;br /&gt;for all of us angels here&lt;br /&gt;on earth?&lt;br /&gt;Sha la la la,&lt;br /&gt;is there room in the sky&lt;br /&gt;for all of us angels here&lt;br /&gt;on earth?, on earth?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-4724190779437957924?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/4724190779437957924/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=4724190779437957924' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/4724190779437957924'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/4724190779437957924'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/icanlaughaboutitnow.html' title='聲音收藏之i_can_laugh_about_it_now'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-2045784581741404687</id><published>2009-05-12T21:40:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-14T18:55:16.919-07:00</updated><title type='text'>日本小姐2009宮阪繪美裏(Emiri Miyasaka)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgzKFzBywEI/AAAAAAAAAYo/L4hqCunwtAQ/s1600-h/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%905.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335861859473080386" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 233px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 344px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgzKFzBywEI/AAAAAAAAAYo/L4hqCunwtAQ/s400/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%905.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgpPb2lCu3I/AAAAAAAAAWg/JdOLuyypXWY/s1600-h/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%902009.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335164048499719026" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 318px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgpPb2lCu3I/AAAAAAAAAWg/JdOLuyypXWY/s400/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%902009.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgzGnaOXCHI/AAAAAAAAAYg/t2lsCIjtrFk/s1600-h/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%903.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335858038883944562" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 180px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgzGnaOXCHI/AAAAAAAAAYg/t2lsCIjtrFk/s400/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%903.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgzFZ7z3EYI/AAAAAAAAAYQ/cOjch80g_Wk/s1600-h/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%90.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335856707869806978" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 267px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgzFZ7z3EYI/AAAAAAAAAYQ/cOjch80g_Wk/s400/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%90.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgpPuUI4WkI/AAAAAAAAAWo/MhO02JxsYek/s1600-h/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%9020092.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335164365672307266" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 310px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgpPuUI4WkI/AAAAAAAAAWo/MhO02JxsYek/s400/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%9020092.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-2045784581741404687?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/2045784581741404687/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=2045784581741404687' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2045784581741404687'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2045784581741404687'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/2009.html' title='日本小姐2009宮阪繪美裏(Emiri Miyasaka)'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgzKFzBywEI/AAAAAAAAAYo/L4hqCunwtAQ/s72-c/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E5%A7%905.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8512101334730710738</id><published>2009-05-12T02:25:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-12T21:50:13.308-07:00</updated><title type='text'>我們會不會紀念</title><content type='html'>我們總是在紀念。&lt;br /&gt;記得住在重慶兩路口的時候，樓下有人過世，總是歌舞飛揚，鑼鼓震天。重慶人能把喪事當喜事辦。&lt;br /&gt;一個人離世，許多人狂歡。就像圍繞著一堆火，戴著面具的人們，不停地跳。&lt;br /&gt;人有紀念的本性。人之生，要紀念。人之死要紀念。聚、散要紀念。酒與歌舞，都是儀式，關鍵還是我們在想什麼。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgpRGXUuhLI/AAAAAAAAAW4/-xBHxObpKoo/s1600-h/512.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335165878355788978" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 267px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgpRGXUuhLI/AAAAAAAAAW4/-xBHxObpKoo/s400/512.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;512地震之後，王怡撰文《願死者記得我們》，打動了不少人。文章結尾處說：“我們只能祈禱，願死者永遠記得我們，記得‘5·12’之後這個國家做了和沒做的一切，所發生的全部改變或死不改變，記得我們的愧疚、憂傷和敬畏，記得我們從此之後的生活方式，和各人或長或短的一生。&lt;br /&gt;“讓活著的人被死者記住，讓我們值得被他們記住。這是我在默哀中的誓願。 ”&lt;br /&gt;這個國家做了和沒做的一切，都一目了然了。&lt;br /&gt;這一年，我不知道改變了自己多少。&lt;br /&gt;地震的時候，11樓，我們在開選題會。人們都沖下樓去。然後我這樣的四川籍紛紛打電話回家。然後開始鋪天蓋地的新聞報導。志願者開始行動。低頭默哀的那短暫時刻，我以為明白了生命的本質，我也以為，自己從此就要珍惜生命了。人人都希望，512，把自己的生活，把這個社會，這個國家的歷史，劃成前後兩部分。以為，新時代開始了。&lt;br /&gt;可是，我們又回到了瑣碎的生活。生活並沒有因為地震而變得陽光燦爛。對家人的珍惜，並沒有多。陪伴家人的時間，並沒有多。&lt;br /&gt;遇到乞討者的時候，我也沒有多掏一枚硬幣。看到胖老師，我還是一樣漠然。&lt;br /&gt;時間依然如流水一樣，不知奔向了何方。&lt;br /&gt;地震，也沒有讓我對民主和自由瞭解多一點。&lt;br /&gt;成千上萬的死亡，並沒有讓這個民族就尊重蒼生。許多人還是如此好戰。&lt;br /&gt;8級大地震，撕裂地殼，但是，卻那麼難撼動我們的心。&lt;br /&gt;所以，我不會紀念，512，也沒讓我學會紀念。&lt;br /&gt;一周年過去了，我想還有許多人，沒有找到希望。也許，還有許多人絕望。有的人沒有在地震中失去生命，卻在地震後的絕望中了卻一切。&lt;br /&gt;如果說，地震我們無法阻擋，無法預測。那麼，我們是不是應該不讓他們絕望。到底，有什麼，比地震還有更具破壞力？&lt;br /&gt;他們一定在最後的關頭，呼喊，就像被倒塌的泥土和房屋壓在底下一樣。慢慢的，救援沒有來，他們就停止了呼吸。&lt;br /&gt;他們在最後的日子，一定每時每刻都思念過往的美好時光。&lt;br /&gt;紀念，讓人恐懼。於是戴上面具跳舞。&lt;br /&gt;看不出的悲傷。&lt;br /&gt;掩埋中國人。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;圖片：REUTERS/Jason Lee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8512101334730710738?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/8512101334730710738/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=8512101334730710738' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8512101334730710738'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8512101334730710738'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_12.html' title='我們會不會紀念'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgpRGXUuhLI/AAAAAAAAAW4/-xBHxObpKoo/s72-c/512.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-7746193727204859523</id><published>2009-05-11T21:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-11T21:47:57.825-07:00</updated><title type='text'>臺灣共產黨</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sgj_ea_kqaI/AAAAAAAAAWY/OjSoqAbKT-8/s1600-h/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%AA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334794656727476642" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 300px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sgj_ea_kqaI/AAAAAAAAAWY/OjSoqAbKT-8/s400/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%AA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-7746193727204859523?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/7746193727204859523/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=7746193727204859523' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7746193727204859523'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7746193727204859523'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_11.html' title='臺灣共產黨'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sgj_ea_kqaI/AAAAAAAAAWY/OjSoqAbKT-8/s72-c/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%AA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-7096794600470377355</id><published>2009-05-08T20:17:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-08T20:25:17.340-07:00</updated><title type='text'>聲音收藏之have_i_told_you_lately_that_i_love_you</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT3lNQf8dI/AAAAAAAAAWI/2ya1usrf1AU/s1600-h/KENNY+ROGERS.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333660077299593682" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 341px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT3lNQf8dI/AAAAAAAAAWI/2ya1usrf1AU/s400/KENNY+ROGERS.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/1394-have_i_told_you_lately_that_i_love_you(kenny_rogers"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/1394-have_i_told_you_lately_that_i_love_you(kenny_rogers&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/464-lucille(kenny_rogers"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/464-lucille(kenny_rogers&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/392-lady(kenny_rogers"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/392-lady(kenny_rogers&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-7096794600470377355?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/7096794600470377355/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=7096794600470377355' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7096794600470377355'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7096794600470377355'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/haveitoldyoulatelythatiloveyou.html' title='聲音收藏之have_i_told_you_lately_that_i_love_you'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT3lNQf8dI/AAAAAAAAAWI/2ya1usrf1AU/s72-c/KENNY+ROGERS.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-588786749367306744</id><published>2009-05-08T19:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-08T20:14:51.263-07:00</updated><title type='text'>水月</title><content type='html'>2009年4月27日，臺灣現代舞團雲門舞集在匈牙利布達佩斯藝術宮上演經典舞劇《水月》。&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0pyNBRHI/AAAAAAAAAWA/LTEAmPtOC5w/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%881.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333656857401705586" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 253px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0pyNBRHI/AAAAAAAAAWA/LTEAmPtOC5w/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%881.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0mMIn5XI/AAAAAAAAAV4/BjhUpHaoZVg/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%882.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333656795643110770" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 266px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0mMIn5XI/AAAAAAAAAV4/BjhUpHaoZVg/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%882.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0iJVpi4I/AAAAAAAAAVw/9WRogppfxdc/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%883.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333656726172961666" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 252px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0iJVpi4I/AAAAAAAAAVw/9WRogppfxdc/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%883.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0doy5KpI/AAAAAAAAAVo/pSyqEu5QqmE/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%884.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333656648717773458" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 260px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0doy5KpI/AAAAAAAAAVo/pSyqEu5QqmE/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%884.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0aOM76iI/AAAAAAAAAVg/Pe4MscUyl-I/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%885.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333656590039640610" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 284px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0aOM76iI/AAAAAAAAAVg/Pe4MscUyl-I/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%885.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0QnxWQ_I/AAAAAAAAAVQ/AwZLEN4AXT0/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%886.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333656425104557042" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 277px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0QnxWQ_I/AAAAAAAAAVQ/AwZLEN4AXT0/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%886.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0MkEAoHI/AAAAAAAAAVI/sCSLR-NFzto/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%887.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333656355389612146" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 199px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0MkEAoHI/AAAAAAAAAVI/sCSLR-NFzto/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%887.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0IoOY7MI/AAAAAAAAAVA/nGjFoqOMg4Y/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%888.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333656287787412674" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 176px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0IoOY7MI/AAAAAAAAAVA/nGjFoqOMg4Y/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%888.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0DzOdTTI/AAAAAAAAAU4/PREQSeQmSms/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%888.bmp"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333656140813653138" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 283px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0AEtHVJI/AAAAAAAAAUw/fCvyoMhICOE/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%889.bmp" border="0" /&gt; &lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgTz7_gy-fI/AAAAAAAAAUo/5OvXgfSaVAA/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%8810.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333656070700333554" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 290px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgTz7_gy-fI/AAAAAAAAAUo/5OvXgfSaVAA/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%8810.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgTz3huSasI/AAAAAAAAAUg/8QqXTWpESzY/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%8811.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333655993984379586" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 283px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgTz3huSasI/AAAAAAAAAUg/8QqXTWpESzY/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%8811.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgTzxWooTJI/AAAAAAAAAUY/oWxwtX-LkQ8/s1600-h/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%8812.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333655887928642706" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 191px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgTzxWooTJI/AAAAAAAAAUY/oWxwtX-LkQ8/s400/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%8812.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-588786749367306744?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/588786749367306744/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=588786749367306744' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/588786749367306744'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/588786749367306744'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_08.html' title='水月'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgT0pyNBRHI/AAAAAAAAAWA/LTEAmPtOC5w/s72-c/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%881.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-5532020698123673981</id><published>2009-05-07T21:34:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-07T21:34:47.076-07:00</updated><title type='text'>經濟學人</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgO2YF4Wv6I/AAAAAAAAASo/1cw5mO4zryk/s1600-h/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090508.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333306908748464034" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 304px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgO2YF4Wv6I/AAAAAAAAASo/1cw5mO4zryk/s400/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090508.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-5532020698123673981?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/5532020698123673981/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=5532020698123673981' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5532020698123673981'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5532020698123673981'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_07.html' title='經濟學人'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgO2YF4Wv6I/AAAAAAAAASo/1cw5mO4zryk/s72-c/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090508.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-6176065190666139206</id><published>2009-05-06T22:09:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-06T22:09:49.603-07:00</updated><title type='text'>小馬過江</title><content type='html'>江丙坤請辭，馬英九挽留。溫情難掩國民黨內部動盪，馬獲大印之後開始整黨。&lt;br /&gt;馬英九要兼任國民黨黨魁，傳言已久。錢複出現在博鼇論壇，對話溫家寶。無論如何，江丙坤藉口養老，在種種傳言中退場。依照江丙坤務實與老辣作風，不會因為黨外黑函恐嚇而退卻。&lt;br /&gt;一個細節是，江丙坤去年底接受許知遠訪問時，讚賞陳水扁8年執政，同時隱含了對馬英九的遺憾。&lt;br /&gt;關於陳水扁執政，江丙坤說：“這八年民進黨在政治上的操作的確是成功的。它強調臺灣化，強調臺灣是主權獨立的國家，強調臺灣的文化價值、語言、認同，以前問你是中國人還是臺灣人？講臺灣的是45%，講雙方都有的45%，單單講中國的越來越少，這是一個例子。當然他有他的目標，為了達到這個政治目標，也採取了教育，很多措施，這點改變了很多。20年前，我們很少用臺灣，除非是臺灣經濟。現在相反，已經習慣了這個轉變，這80年也讓他們做了很多改變，現在有些民眾已經接受了，有些正在慢慢恢復，包括國旗，以前都不強調，現在慢慢恢復正常的做法。”&lt;br /&gt;關於馬英九，他說：“這是沒有話說的。也是臺灣從一個極端到另外一個極端。他有他的優點，也沒有話說。現在就是如何克服當前經濟的困難。”&lt;br /&gt;“每一個領導人都有他的個性，他是念法律的，所以很多是按照法律去想，但有些是政治的，用法律去想、用法律去做，未必適合政治的需求。他很清廉、認真，也很重視按照法律做事情，有很多優點。”&lt;br /&gt;江丙坤很講政治，他是強調臺灣立場的，而且他看到“現在就是如何克服當前經濟的困難”。&lt;br /&gt;臺灣自我認同，對於馬英九向前走每一步，都是壓力。即便馬英九還沒有公開人事佈局，江丙坤一定感覺得到。路線不變，也需要換一個人來走。&lt;br /&gt;接下來，要看馬英九是否用行政院長的提名來證明，江在馬佈局中的份量。小馬過江之後，會不會看到超越兩岸的經濟佈局？對於臺灣來說，光有海峽，顯然是不夠的。對於臺灣人來說，可能更願意看到的是，以臺灣為中心的視野。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-6176065190666139206?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/6176065190666139206/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=6176065190666139206' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/6176065190666139206'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/6176065190666139206'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_8436.html' title='小馬過江'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-232216966201258693</id><published>2009-05-06T02:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-06T02:43:53.898-07:00</updated><title type='text'>上訪與司法獨立</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;——答《北京週報》問&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;賀衛方&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgFbiT35LxI/AAAAAAAAASg/8GJAxUPk1S4/s1600-h/%E8%B4%BA%E5%8D%AB%E6%96%B9.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332644078791765778" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 350px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 262px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgFbiT35LxI/AAAAAAAAASg/8GJAxUPk1S4/s400/%E8%B4%BA%E5%8D%AB%E6%96%B9.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;賀按：日前，一位英文媒體朋友問及上訪問題，我告訴他，關於這個問題我曾接受《北京週報》訪問，訪談稿英譯可以在博嘮閣裏看到。但是他卻怎麼都找不到。我查了一下，果然沒有。於是就把英文本找出來貼了上去。馬上就有朋友問：中文在哪里可以看到？答曰博嘮閣裏有。但是翻來覆去還是查不到，經查，與英文稿一樣，這個真的沒有。可見我的記憶力是多麼不可靠，還要請大家多包涵。這裏貼上中文稿，也順便作了個別文字上的修訂，請各位指正。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;問：您認為在現在的社會背景下，上訪對中國社會矛盾的解決起著什麼樣的作用？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;賀衛方答：很明顯，現在對上訪的所謂重視是重視怎麼把上訪的打擊下去，而不是重視認真去對待每一個上訪。我瞭解到的情況都是各地政府對上訪都特別的緊張，派出大量的人在北京截訪。實際上這並非想通過上訪來解決一些社會問題。我覺得條例和現在的實際做法還存在著相當大的距離。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;上訪問題是個綜合性的社會問題。年復一年，這麼多的大規模的上訪，全國各地都有人跑到首都來，去想方設法讓他們的冤情能上達天聽，這在一個追求法治的國家裏肯定是一種非常不正常的情況，或者說在一個真正的法治國家裏，這種情況是不應該也不可能出現的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我想，原因可能首先是我們的司法制度出了很大的問題。整個的司法體系不能有效地公正地解決社會中出現的問題。法院的這樣一種體制本來就是為了讓社會中出現的糾紛，冤情能夠及時地得到糾正。但是如果司法界受了外部的干預,就不能獨立地按照法律規範公正地判斷案件。表現司法無力感的最典型例證可能是拆遷引發的上訪問題。政府出面來進行拆遷，不給老百姓一種平等交涉的機會和可能。老百姓要訴諸司法，但是，令他們絕望的是，法院在這類案件的判決時並不能夠獨立地去判斷這個案件，而是往往做地方政府的看門狗，司法權完全融合在行政權之內。最近，最高法院出臺了一個司法解釋，說涉及到土地徵用問題引發的訴訟，法院一律不受理，那更是把老百姓最後唯一的一點希望給掐滅了。他當然還可以通過向當地的政府訴願，但如果當地政府本身就是一個事件當事人的話，那根本就是與虎謀皮。那老百姓只好往上去申告，去傾訴，使得最高層能夠知道當地這種糟糕的東西。這是一個非常無奈、迫不得已的選擇。&lt;br /&gt;　　&lt;br /&gt;問：那您覺得上訪制度的存在是否與中國的社會背景，文化背景和政治制度的沿革有一定的聯繫？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;答：從歷史傳統以及政治文化上看，我們往往願意把一個社會治理的希望寄託在一個明君或者一個偉大領袖的身上。這種傳統根深蒂固，所以歷史的演變也證明中國傳統社會裏，老百姓非常害怕某種上下的分權，聯邦制啊，人們覺得這是不好的一種東西，因為往往都是地方官員，貪官污吏，形成了對於老百姓的一種壓榨。人們唯一的企盼就是有一個好的皇帝，來解決這個問題。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;跟西方的一些國家，比如跟英國的歷史相比較的話，這種差異就非常明顯。在1066年以後的英國，在一開始的時候國王也會承擔這樣一個角色，國王被稱作是正義的源泉。老百姓有了冤情當然希望國王能親自給予解決。但是，在國王派出各種官吏到地方去解決問題，審理案件、糾紛的時候，卻會逐漸地形成一種關於司法的專業化知識。通過司法，通過一種穩定的判例法制度，隨著時間的推移，法官們逐漸使得規則得以確立，也就是在司法制度方面形成了一種嚴格的遵循先例原則，英文叫做binding force of precedent。以往的案例對後來的案例有著嚴格的約束力，使得司法的過程中不僅僅解決了個別的糾紛，而且使未來的案件有了一種法律上的依據。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;任何國家的法院都面臨著一個重大的問題，就是如何讓同樣的案件能得到同等的對待。同樣事實的案件，它適用的規則應該是一樣的。所以確立了一種嚴格的規則的話，那司法本身肯定是獨立的，因為它是按照自己的這套邏輯來判斷案件，解決糾紛，而不是按照外部的任何別的權力去解決問題。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;傳統中國的社會治理結構跟西方的很不一樣。中國一直到清朝末年，幾千年的社會沒有一種真正意義的法院，西方式的權力分立學說在我們這裏是聞所未聞的。州縣官在司法的過程中間，他們可能更關注的是，把這個事情本身給了結了，而不是努力去形成一種嚴格的規則。沒有發展出一種良好的治理模式，以及司法獨立的傳統，幾乎也沒有專業化的，獨立的法律知識體系能夠成長起來。就導致了誰能夠向決策者施加更大的壓力，誰就能獲得一個更有利的結果的局面。惡霸可以橫行鄉里，“金陵四大家”可以在賈雨村那裏網開一面，權力與財富之間眉來眼去，小民百姓只能夢想自己能夠碰巧遇到一個清官。清官不可遇，也只好到皇居之處告狀申冤了。&lt;br /&gt;　　&lt;br /&gt;問：那您是否認為上訪制度存在本身與中國建設法治社會的目標存在著矛盾？尤其是現在出臺了新的條例，是要加強信訪制度。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;答：其實上訪好像給底層受了氣的人民保留了希望，但實際是我覺得是飲鴆止渴。我們不是去認真地去構築一個獨立的司法制度，不是去提高司法制度的正義程度，而總是在一個制度之外的方式去開一些口子。&lt;br /&gt;　　&lt;br /&gt;前一段時間曾有報導，溫家寶總理親自為一位農民工討薪水，媒體把這件事傳為美談。可是，溫家寶縱然三頭六臂，也只能幫助個別民工討回工資。但是這個事件的副作用太大了。副作用就是老百姓都覺得如果他們也能夠找到總理，找到總書記，把自己的冤情解決了，那該多好。所以大家就都來找。這當然會培養一種對最高領導人的依賴甚至崇拜。但是制度建設就會被忽略，我們畢竟要建設一個法治國家。法治國家不是一個靠賢明君主來統治的國家。上訪制度和人治有著聯繫，而在人治的社會裏，賢明的君主也經常會演變成了一個最大的惡霸。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;問：您是否認為中國在向法治社會努力的過程中，信訪制度的存在是一個解壓閥，或者是特殊時期的過渡性制度？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;答：我個人覺得有一些壓力是必需要積累起來的，也就是說不要指望著經常解壓，導致的就是制度沒辦法去形成。而我們經常是把一種好不容易積累起來的能夠形成制度的壓力給一點一點的釋放掉。像2003年的孫志剛事件，這個事件就是一個很大的冤情，那麼大家都一塊呼籲，包括法學界，我本人也參與其中，呼籲建立起一個真正的違憲審查制度，並啟動特別調查制度。用一個整體化的制度來去把憲法之下的法律、法規中違反憲法，剝奪人民權利的這種做法進行一個一攬子的解決。但是我們最後的結果是2003年6月份的時候，國務院宣佈廢除了原來的收容遣送辦法。我們在網路上看到的都是人們在歌功頌德，他們在說新一屆政府真好，他們多麼親民啊。但實際上制度創建所需要的一種壓力一下子也被釋放掉了，一個本來可以成為違憲審查制度建立的契機給錯過了。上訪就是非常典型的這類問題。上訪解決不了多少問題，大多數情況下，上訪人被規勸回去，被強制押解回去，人們送上來的材料大多數情況下又被返回到那些製造冤案的機構或是個人的手中。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;問：您剛才提到了中國的司法制度存在好多問題，然後現在正在進行司法改革，您認為應該改哪些方面？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;答：首先當然是司法的獨立，就是法院在判決一個案件糾紛的時候，唯一的依據就是法律規範本身，而不是人情，党的書記的意見，人大的意見等其他非法律的因素。當然要實現這樣的獨立性並不是特別容易，我想這需要在人事，財政體系上做很大的努力。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;第二，法官的素質以及司法行為的中立性也是非常重要的。因為如果法官素質低，這將給獨立帶來很大的問題。在司法權行使的過程中，法官在當事人雙方之間不可以由於利益在其中而表現出有所偏袒。法院必須要獨立於自己的上一級法院，上下級法院都要相互獨立的決策，真正的表現出一種中立性。中立性可以極大地避免訴訟過程中可能出現的冤情，衝突。一些具體案件，很難說怎樣判決是公正的，怎樣判決是不公正的，現代社會越來越複雜，許多情況下，司法不過是一種複雜的利益平衡。有時候一個案件的解決，法官本身的中立的態度會起到很大的束縛作用，就會減少人們對法律之外的手段的訴求。這種對減少上訪非常重要。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;第三個方面是如何加強對司法權的監督。能夠讓法官們在行使權力的時候感覺到他們不能夠隨便斷案，而是要嚴格依照法律來判決案件。這個監督現在在中國主要有人大的監督，檢察院的監督，媒體的監督等方面。實際上也是問題很多，主要表現在兩方面，一方面是監督不夠，另一方面是監督失當。前者說的是一些該揭露的問題沒有被揭露，後者說的是有時候報紙電視會取代法院成為實際的法官。還有人大也會自己來審理案件，導致立法權與司法權的混亂不清。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;問：我採訪過中國的一些公益律師，他們認為中國的上訪制度是應該保留的。他們認為中國的司法體系壓力太大，法官的資源缺乏。如果上訪制度突然取消，這麼多的糾紛矛盾全壓到司法系統，中國的司法體系根本沒有那麼多的人力資源。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;答：這種說法是不成立的。中國的法官在辦案效率方面，僅僅相當於美國法官的十分之一。中國的法官好像看起來是天天在忙，但是由於制度的缺陷使得他們做的好多工作都是無用功。比如說中國沒有哪一級法院的判決是終極性的判決，任何判決都有可能因為上級部門領導的批示，或者由於某種壓力，就會被推翻掉，我們的司法體制是二審終審制。二審終審完了本來意味著案件的瞭解，但是沒關係，只要你上邊有人，你就可以使二審終審過的案件推倒重來。推翻以後，原來的勝訴者就變成了敗訴者，敗訴者可能想方設法去尋找更高的力量，來製造壓力再推倒重審。我們沒有司法判決的確定性的概念。我們的法院做得很多事情實際上是在不斷否定自己。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;實際上生活中每個人都會意識到絕對的公正是不可能有的，古羅馬著名的哲學家法學家西賽羅（Cicero）說過，“絕對的正義就是絕對的不正義。”關鍵在於在一些案件中間，也許會有某種程度的細小不正義，這時候如果當事人能感覺到反正是二審終審了，案件已經解決了，自己應該該幹嘛幹嘛，就像當年美國聯邦最高法院判戈爾訴布希，戈爾敗訴了，他說我特別討厭最高法院的判決，但是我必須尊重它，因為你不可能推翻它。&lt;br /&gt;　　&lt;br /&gt;但是中國不是這樣的，它永遠告訴你只要有能力，就有可能把對你不利的判決推翻掉。這就激勵了很多人民想方設法去改變也許只是一小點兒的不公正，一定要想方設法推翻掉整個判決。我們最荒唐的司法口號就是“實事求是，有錯必糾”。這個錯誤可能只是很小的錯誤，當然也有可能是很大的錯誤。如果很小的錯誤都想法設法去糾，哪個判決不會有問題呢？這就解釋了中國會有這麼多老百姓會去道路奔走，權門呼號，想方設法尋求最有利的結果，推翻原來的判決。推翻掉了以後原來的勝訴就又變成敗訴了，敗訴者又會去推翻。這個過程中許多人就會在微小的不公正上投入太高的成本，付出了太多的代價。有的人家徒四壁，天天為自己的案子而奔波。可能本來他這個案子敗訴他損失500元，但是幾年上訪下來，他完全可能耗費成千上萬。而且精神成本更是巨大的，他變得愈發不能忍受這個不公，愈發怒火中燒，不推翻掉不行。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;這個過程還會帶來另外的問題。原來製造一點小冤屈的人為了防止自己的決策被推翻，他們也想方設法去建立一個攻守同盟，下邊的官員們會結合在一起，阻止任何糾正錯誤的情況發生，於是又導致一旦原判被推翻，越來越多的人們會被追究責任。這樣就帶來更多的壓制、陰謀和苦難。這當中的根本原因就在於沒有一個讓大家服氣的司法權威，你不知道什麼是規則，什麼是權威，最終將是民怨沸騰，一地雞毛。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2005年9月18日改畢&lt;br /&gt;2009年5月5日再修訂&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;（此文轉自賀衛方博客）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-232216966201258693?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/232216966201258693/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=232216966201258693' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/232216966201258693'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/232216966201258693'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_06.html' title='上訪與司法獨立'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgFbiT35LxI/AAAAAAAAASg/8GJAxUPk1S4/s72-c/%E8%B4%BA%E5%8D%AB%E6%96%B9.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-7193218056603008461</id><published>2009-05-05T21:11:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-05T21:11:40.143-07:00</updated><title type='text'>香港和大陸的五四成績表</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.hkej.com/template/dnews/jsp/dnews_search_results.jsp?typeSearch=author&amp;amp;txtSearch=%E7%B7%B4%E4%B9%99%E9%8C%9A" target="_self"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;練乙錚&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;，香港信报，2009年5月6日&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;一九三七年，抗日戰爭爆發，時任中研院院長的蔡元培從上海來香港，準備轉赴陪都重慶，卻因為健康問題，留了下來，至四○年三月五日，在養和醫院去世，葬於香港仔華人永遠墳場；舉殯之日，全國哀悼，在港參加喪禮的群眾多達萬餘人。蔡氏乃民初學術界名人，一九一六年，孫中山委他任北大校長，他上任後，以「囊括大典、網羅眾家、思想自由、兼容並包」十六字方針治校，北大遂成為新文化運動中心、五四運動的主力。大半個世紀之後，若以五四提出的政治理想衡量香港社會，最突出的，無疑也是這片土地上的自由。&lt;br /&gt;論思想和行為上的自由，香港媲美台灣，高於大陸。但是，這個自由，大體而言不是港人自己爭取的成果，而是九七回歸前後，英國殖民政權要體面地淡出、北京的管治力量未敢席捲之際的偶然產物。港人要爭取的，不是自由的創設，而是自由的守成。然而，守成和創設一樣不容易。那是因為長期以來領導港人對殖民專制主義作鬥爭的最重要力量即香港左派，並不是要以一般意義上的自由民主去取代殖民管治，而是要代之以另一種更嚴厲的專制。左派這種以暴易暴的爭取，只是在有了《基本法》之後才有所收斂乃至轉變，但隨着國家力量日益強大，那種源於「一國」的專制思想會否在左派當權派當中再度膨脹，還很難說，近日發生的「曹二寶事件」等，是重要訊息。自由如此，民主的進展更不容樂觀，這方面要爭取的，是創業而非守成。&lt;br /&gt;回歸之前的半個世紀裏，由於左派與殖民政權達成一種「不合作的妥協」，五四的「外抗強權」口號，既無法在香港具體落實，最終亦不必由港人自己落實。過去，依附殖民政權的華人權貴，只需改變一下名義效忠，依然可享上賓之禮，保持權貴地位，故香港社會階級心理形態沒有變。與幾十年前比較，社會上最大的轉變，在於廉政，官場上碩鼠般的貪官污吏基本上消失。但是，這種「內除國賊」，雖有社會民眾壓力為其先導，也主要不是港人自己爭取得來，而是殖民政權的改良主義產物，港人在這方面的角色，亦主要是守成。但要守此成，亦殊不容易，危機可見於最近發生的「梁展文事件」。&lt;br /&gt;五四講愛國，愛國之心，港人不缺，國家每有危難，港人關切，一呼萬應，義不後人；愛國不必爭取，猶畫蛇不必添足。&lt;br /&gt;香港人幸運，五四要爭取的一些目標，得來並不費勁，現在談成績表，沒有多大意思，十年後再看民主建設，方可見真章。&lt;br /&gt;最後看大陸。民主、科學、抗強權、除國賊，這幾個五四目標當中，大陸六十年來貫徹得最好的，無疑是抗強權。解放之初，抗美援朝，但還要向蘇聯「一面倒」；至六十年代初，因與蘇共爭奪國際共產主義運動領導權，與蘇聯反目，才走上獨立自主的外交路線。不過，由於中共那套獨特而偏激的政治觀念與世界上大多數國家格格不入，和外國關係一直搞得相當緊張，以至需在「抗強權」方面過量投資，無端浪費大量精力，誠為美中「不足」。&lt;br /&gt;其次發展得比較好的，是科學；各種民事、軍事方面的應用科學和技術，都堪稱道。但是，大陸的科學發展不平衡，社會科學方面還常常受制於一元政治意識形態，禁區依舊不少，例如至今未有完整客觀的政治科學，對重要課題如「中國共產黨」的深入客觀研究更根本不存在。（誰敢研究「黨」？）歷史（特別是近、現代史）、法律（特別是憲法學、法律體制學）的研究，中宣部看管很緊。故大陸提倡的科學，主要還是硬件或物質方面的，即以自然科學、金經商管科學為主；普遍的科學精神和理性主義，還未生根。最顯著例子，就是各級領導人講話九成是家長式的發號施令，不是和受眾理性議論，而是三句不離要、要、要，要堅持、要抓緊、要牢牢地、要狠狠地……。大陸大小官員的講話態度，和昨天筆者談到馬英九〈在中華民國法學年會上的講話〉相比，反差至為巨大；馬像個學者，娓娓與聽眾解釋一些深入細緻的憲法要點，態度完全是理性的、科學的、民主的。&lt;br /&gt;民主建設是大陸的薄弱環節，六十年來成績非常有限，這點筆者談過不少，不贅。一黨專政之下，權力產生嚴重腐敗，貪官當道、碩鼠滿倉、國賊滿朝，這也是人所共知的了。（經濟環節，中共近三十年來走對了路，有亮麗成績，但由於不是五四運動直接關注點，本文不論。）&lt;br /&gt;大陸在六十年中共管治下，一份五四成績表難言及格。雖然，在進一步、退兩步或者進兩步、退一步的折騰中，總的來說，進步還是有。例如，民主終於是個「好東西」了；胡錦濤在十七大講話中更說：「人民民主是社會主義的生命」。把「民主」等同「生命」，無論語意如何玄虛難解，說了也就是一點進步。&lt;br /&gt;我們不諱言中國的事情難辦，但正因如此，單靠一個共產黨辦不來。共產黨辦不好的事，更應人人說句話、幫一把。這也是發揮五四精神罷。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-7193218056603008461?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/7193218056603008461/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=7193218056603008461' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7193218056603008461'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7193218056603008461'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_4981.html' title='香港和大陸的五四成績表'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-2806680251877046265</id><published>2009-05-05T19:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-05T19:08:54.658-07:00</updated><title type='text'>經濟學人的豬流感報導</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgDxEAkp7UI/AAAAAAAAASY/UcPguoyg1bc/s1600-h/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090506.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332527009982180674" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 304px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgDxEAkp7UI/AAAAAAAAASY/UcPguoyg1bc/s400/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090506.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-2806680251877046265?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/2806680251877046265/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=2806680251877046265' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2806680251877046265'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2806680251877046265'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_9335.html' title='經濟學人的豬流感報導'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgDxEAkp7UI/AAAAAAAAASY/UcPguoyg1bc/s72-c/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090506.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8170708824808201685</id><published>2009-05-05T02:25:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-05T02:26:41.898-07:00</updated><title type='text'>《中國週刊》</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgAGMjcHeDI/AAAAAAAAASQ/HWoc5qWAaTE/s1600-h/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332268771548035122" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 294px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgAGMjcHeDI/AAAAAAAAASQ/HWoc5qWAaTE/s400/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8170708824808201685?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/8170708824808201685/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=8170708824808201685' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8170708824808201685'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8170708824808201685'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_564.html' title='《中國週刊》'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SgAGMjcHeDI/AAAAAAAAASQ/HWoc5qWAaTE/s72-c/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-2576073665642363432</id><published>2009-05-05T02:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-05T02:09:42.696-07:00</updated><title type='text'>《潛伏（續）》</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;國共諜報戰 《潛伏》風靡大陸&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;中國時報 / 亓樂義／特稿 2009/04/28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;《潛伏》是大陸最近紅火的連續劇，共卅集，描述抗戰結束後國共在天津發生的一場驚心動魄的諜報戰。當國民政府撤退前夕，中共一名特工被其長官（軍統局天津站站長）帶到台灣，他的妻子則在遙遠的彼岸，抱著孩子等候他的歸來。&lt;br /&gt;連續劇愈到結尾愈精采。當男主角撤退前到機場，見其妻子偽裝成傭人而不能相認，生死別離的一線間，他強忍淚水踏上不歸之途；潛伏台灣後，上級為他安排一個「工作太太」，竟是曾暗戀他並由他引導投身革命的女同志。造化弄人，他無言以對。&lt;br /&gt;這是一個時代悲劇，故事裡沒有結局。任何創作都有其教化用意。《潛伏》在於表現中共無名英雄的犧牲奉獻，而國民黨官員在劇中被描述成頑固貪財和鉤心鬥角，自在預料之中。不過，劇中對男主角在軍統局天津站的國民黨對手，並未刻意醜化，而將其為黨國而戰的精神刻劃得絲絲入扣，這種進入史觀的探討層次而擺脫統戰窠臼，應是該劇成功並討觀眾喜愛的原因之一。&lt;br /&gt;導演說，他不打算拍續集，但大陸觀眾希望他拍，因為中共特工潛伏在台更具戲劇張力。從時代意義上看，&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;筆者倒為這部扣人心弦的連續劇設想了後續情節。男主角潛伏台灣後，奉命情蒐台灣反攻大陸計畫中有關國民黨特務在大陸敵後的經營和布建。由於台灣接連破獲匪諜案，他和「工作太太」相依為命，從同志變成真實夫妻，但在他心靈深處，仍惦記等候他歸來的妻子。&lt;br /&gt;潛伏卅八年後，隨著兩岸開放探親，男主角提前掌握先機把消息傳回北京，並為他自己設定的一項重要任務，返鄉尋找失散多年曾經也是作為他「工作太太」的前妻，同時告別他的「潛伏」生涯，兩岸關係進入新的階段。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-2576073665642363432?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/2576073665642363432/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=2576073665642363432' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2576073665642363432'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2576073665642363432'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_05.html' title='《潛伏（續）》'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-5183420306440164004</id><published>2009-05-04T19:14:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-05T21:17:13.603-07:00</updated><title type='text'>五四打分</title><content type='html'>5月4日，新京報推出90周年紀念專輯《五四答卷》。次日，香港信報刊登&lt;a href="http://www.hkej.com/template/dnews/jsp/dnews_search_results.jsp?typeSearch=author&amp;amp;txtSearch=%E7%B7%B4%E4%B9%99%E9%8C%9A" target="_self"&gt;練乙錚&lt;/a&gt;文章《&lt;a href="http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_7182.html"&gt;台灣的五四成績表大致不錯&lt;/a&gt;》，從民主、科學、抗強權、除國賊四題目點評臺灣進退。文章還說，因篇幅限制，香港和大陸延後再寫。我等不及，依葫蘆畫瓢，先點大陸。&lt;br /&gt;馬英九紀念五四特別提到胡適，提到“行憲”。大陸不提。胡提黨領導社會主義偉大事業，總理提到民主。&lt;br /&gt;大陸報章紀念者眾，大多環顧左右而言他。學者無言。老者無言，幼者亦然。&lt;br /&gt;民主論，大陸執政黨近期先後在喉舌報章強調，不照搬西方政體，黨指揮軍隊。外交部昨還擊奧巴馬關於新聞自由之指責。西方起勁，不知大陸民眾是否還有民主良知與追求。&lt;br /&gt;科學論，官辦教育一統天下，教程陳腐，學生就業艱難。今年610萬大學生嗷嗷待業。竟然有青年跪地求職。困難學生家庭巨額債務，如何清算。浙江碧湖中學女生被誘賣淫案，警鐘刺痛。大學堂，學者抄襲烏煙瘴氣。科學進步，為軍力服務眾多，為民服務幾何？&lt;br /&gt;抗強權論，海岸劍拔弩張，經濟決策受列國掣肘。流覽網路憤青新聞跟帖，就知道民族氣焰之壯觀。民族氣焰壯觀，說明他們胸中是窩囊氣，無處發洩。自信多，民族氣焰滅。&lt;br /&gt;除國賊論，&lt;a href="http://www.hkej.com/template/dnews/jsp/dnews_search_results.jsp?typeSearch=author&amp;amp;txtSearch=%E7%B7%B4%E4%B9%99%E9%8C%9A" target="_self"&gt;練乙錚&lt;/a&gt;說臺灣當除陳水扁這類大賊，肅清吏治。大陸年年有大貪，肅而不絕。王益案查得如此艱難，說明阻力之大。也說明，賊之大，賊之多。好笑的是，浙江紀委書記落馬，這不是賊喊做賊麼？如何是好？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;color:#000000;"&gt;附一：台灣的五四成績表大致不錯&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="COLOR: #006f8e; TEXT-DECORATION: none" href="http://www.hkej.com/template/dnews/jsp/dnews_search_results.jsp?typeSearch=author&amp;amp;txtSearch=%E7%B7%B4%E4%B9%99%E9%8C%9A" target="_self"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;練乙錚&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;，香港信报，2009年5月5日&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;五四運動發生九十年之後，評比一下成績，相信很有意思。現今中國天下三分，大陸、台灣之外，還有特區政府；筆者就每一地區在民主、科學、抗強權、除國賊這幾個五四運動主要目的作一簡單檢討，其餘不論。&lt;br /&gt;先說台灣。昨日中研院舉辦紀念五四學術活動，馬英九致辭表示，他是胡適的仰慕者，這和他當選總統之後強調台灣要注重行憲，有很深刻的關係。胡適是近代中國最堅定的憲政主義者之一，一生不只寫過很多文章談憲法，還發表過不少對國民黨獨裁的尖銳批判。例如，國民黨在大陸推行「訓政」期間，胡適曾直言指摘：「上帝可以否認，而孫中山不許批評；禮拜可以不做，總理遺囑不可不讀；在思想言論自由這一點上，我們不能不說國民政府代表的國民黨是反動的。」○註 胡適溫文爾雅，但對違憲者的批評，真是火力十足。馬英九行憲相當執着，他上任之初，便注意遵守中華民國憲法對「雙首長制」之下的總統權限及與行政院長之間的分工的有關規定（前者制訂施政方向，後者具體化並執行）。大眾不理解，輿論指他龜縮得像個「宅男」；對此，馬英九在去年底在中華民國憲法學年會上的長篇論憲政實踐的講話裏，有詳細解釋。馬英九管治功夫火候未足，但行憲有誠意卻毫無疑問。昨天，五位綠派大學生因集會反對台灣政府承認大陸學歷資格，被警方粗暴對待，馬英九立即公開要求警方執法時要注意對表達不同政見者的寬容。同一問題，他在上述憲法學年會上談過：「台北市的集會遊行不會因某種形式或某一黨派而不准；時間、地點、方式可以討論，但內容是不用討論的。過去我在台北擔任市長期間，二十四小時都能集會遊行，操作到要在市政府樓下反馬的都准。」政制民主化之後，台灣能否演化為一個成熟穩定的民主、自由、開放社會，行憲是關鍵。「德先生」在台灣落戶安居的事，筆者認為，目前可以打滿意分，但要繼續長期觀察。&lt;br /&gt;「賽先生」在台灣的近況又如何？台灣人的科學精神令人滿意嗎？這是比較難具體判斷的問題。科學推廣得好不好，很大程度看教育，特別是高等教育；讓我們拿高等教育的普及程度作為標尺。台灣人口二千三百萬，大專院校授學士及以上學位的，有一百七十二所，其中一百五十三所設研究院；中學畢業生升大專的錄取率已達百分之一百，高等教育基本上普及化。科學教育在台灣生根，而且能夠支援相當高級的科技產業，據此而言，「賽先生」在台灣的日子看來不錯。&lt;br /&gt;台灣現在沒有什麼「強權」要抗，美、日等國對台有相當大影響，但絕不構成生存威脅（反而是有助社會安定、人民生存）；近年，由於和大陸關係解凍，來自對岸的軍事壓力也告減輕。扯遠點說，二次大戰之後，一般國家只要與人為善、不好高鶩遠對着大國蓄意挑釁，國家安全就沒有很大威脅；印度、印尼、巴西、甚至巴基斯坦、孟加拉這些人口大國、弱國、窮國，幾十年來也未受外強侵略。過去，一些國家如日本、古巴、北越、北韓、伊拉克等，受外國強權武力對待，很大程度上是咎由自取、授人以柄，終於引狼入室。台灣一早選擇與西方打好政經關係，十分明智，現在又與大陸和解，故五十多年來無兵燹之災，社會穩定，人民可以安和樂利，而經濟能夠成功發展、起飛，道路實在是走對了。&lt;br /&gt;台灣做得最差勁的一項，大概是「內除國賊」。島內統獨意識對立嚴重，但不同派別都強調「台灣優先」，根本沒有什麼「賣國賊」，綠營不時指控藍營「賣台」，是意識形態之事，並不是藍營中有人暗地裏要出賣台灣人的利益；是的話，馬英九上不了台。故「內除國賊」的「賊」，最好理解為貪官污吏，像陳水扁那樣的碩鼠式人物。這種人物，台灣愈挖愈多，不僅總統府裏有，最近發現連軍隊高層裏也多的是。權力愈集中、透明度愈低的政府機構裏，「國賊」便愈猖獗，這本是一般規律，反映有關的社會政治體制還未能有效阻遏貪腐行為。在這方面，台灣能否改善，要多久才能徹底改善，都有待觀察，不容樂觀。&lt;br /&gt;五四運動提出四項最重要的爭取目標，台灣說得上合格的有三項，不合格的一項。九十年來，成績集中在最後三十年取得，總的來說令人感到希望。胡適等當年運動先鋒，若於九泉之下有知，想亦必有同感。篇幅關係，香港和大陸的討論得延後。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;註：見〈新文化運動與國民黨〉，收錄在《胡適精品集》卷十，北京光明日報出版社，一九九八。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;附二：五四鎮壓密電&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;北京國民外交協會為青島問題定五七召開國民大會電（1919年5月3日）&lt;br /&gt;　　分送各省商會、省議會、教育會、商會、暨各團體、各報館，上海、漢口商會、各報館、各團體共鑒：巴黎和會，關於山東問題，消息極緊。查日本所藉口之民國四年五月廿一日（款）之約，系以威力脅迫。又民國七年九月關係膠濟鐵路之換文，順濟、高徐鐵路之草約，並非正式訂定。我國民決不認為有效。本會定於本月七日之廿一款簽字之國恥紀念日，在北京中央公園開國民大會，正式宣言並要求政府訓令專使堅持，如不能爭回國權，寧送（退）出和會，不得簽字。望各地方、各團體同日開會，以示舉國一致，並希鑒示。北京國民外交協會。江。印。&lt;br /&gt;　　（國民黨政府外交部駐雲南特派員公署檔案）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;教育部嚴禁學生遊行集會咨（1919年5月5日）&lt;br /&gt;　　咨第八五七號&lt;br /&gt;　　教育部為咨行事：昨日午後一時，突有本京公私立專門以上學校十三處，學生約二千人，齊集天安門外，對於青島外交問題，開會演說。繼複遊行街市，麇聚趙家樓曹宅地方，紛擾滋事，實屬狂熱過度。當經本部嚴切通行直轄各校及私立專門以上各學校訓令內開：查學生在校修業期間，一切行為言論，自當束身法則之中，不得軼出規範以外，乃本日午後一時，因外交問題，本京各校學生聚集一二千人遊行開會，竟至釀成事端，殊堪驚駭。本部為維持秩序，嚴整學風起見，用特切實通令各校，對於學生，當嚴盡管理之責。其有不遵約束者，應即立予開除，不得姑寬，以敦士習而重校規，仰即遵照。等因在案。相應咨行貴部，請煩查照，一體令行部轄各校可也。此咨&lt;br /&gt;　　內務總長&lt;br /&gt;　　教育總長傅增湘&lt;br /&gt;　　中華民國八年五月五日&lt;br /&gt;　　（北洋政府內務部檔案）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;江蘇教育廳奉令防範學生舉行五七紀念會密函（1919年5月6日）&lt;br /&gt;　　密啟者：奉教育部支密電開：本日京師學界有以專門以上各學校學生名義，于五月七日舉行紀念會，抗議青島外交問題情事，務望通飭各校，妥為防範，不得聚眾滋事，是為至要，特此電達等因。奉此。除電複教育部，並分函各校外，合亟函達，務希妥為防範，是為至要。專此。順頌台綏。&lt;br /&gt;　　江蘇教育廳啟五月六日&lt;br /&gt;　　（國立中央大學檔案）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;大總統鎮壓北京學生愛國運動令（1919年5月6日）&lt;br /&gt;　　大總統令：本月四日，北京大學等校學生，糾眾集會，縱火傷人一案。方事之始，曾傳令京師員警廳，調派警隊，妥為防護。乃未能即時制止，以致釀成縱火傷人情事。迨經員警總監吳炳湘親往指揮，始行逮捕解散。該總監事前調度失宜，殊屬疏誤。所派出之員警人員，防範無方，有負職守。著即由該總監查取職名，呈候懲戒。首都重地，中外具瞻，秩序安寧，至關重要。該總監職責所在，務當督率所屬，切實防弭，以保公安。倘再有借名糾眾，擾亂秩序，不服彈壓者，著即依法逮捕懲辦，勿稍疏弛。此令。&lt;br /&gt;　　國務總理內務總長錢能訓&lt;br /&gt;　　中華民國八年五月六日&lt;br /&gt;　　（北洋政府公報一九一九年五月七日第一一六九號）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;吳炳湘關於逮捕五四搗毀曹宅學生致王懷慶密電（1919年5月7日）&lt;br /&gt;　　王幫辦鑒：統密。四日，北京大學等十數學校學生二、三千人，因青島問題，在天安門前集合，擬赴各使館爭議。經派員警極力解說勸阻，旋有代表數人，赴美使館。繼赴曹潤田總長宅，其時已先飭區隊防護，卒以人眾，擁入曹宅搗毀器具，複縱火焚燒房屋十餘間。章仲和公使適由曹宅出門，致被毆傷。炳湘馳往彈壓，當場捕獲三十餘人，一面護送曹總長出宅，章公使人醫院。並將其餘學生立時解散。被捕之學生，現已移送法庭。本日各校均照常上課。仍嚴飭所屬，加意防範，地方秩序尚無他虞。恐遠道傳聞失實，特電奉達。吳炳湘。陽。&lt;br /&gt;　　（北洋政府京師員警廳檔案）&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-5183420306440164004?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/5183420306440164004/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=5183420306440164004' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5183420306440164004'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5183420306440164004'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_7182.html' title='五四打分'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-4252878790361886964</id><published>2009-05-04T19:10:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-04T19:10:41.228-07:00</updated><title type='text'>陝西南路的早晨</title><content type='html'>獨臂男人&lt;br /&gt;從馬勒別墅孤獨的牆走來&lt;br /&gt;抱著她的女兒&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-4252878790361886964?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/4252878790361886964/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=4252878790361886964' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/4252878790361886964'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/4252878790361886964'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_1128.html' title='陝西南路的早晨'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-6961907683696948816</id><published>2009-05-04T00:27:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-04T00:28:02.250-07:00</updated><title type='text'>《波士頓環球報》面臨倒閉</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;路透紐約5月3日電（記者Robert MacMillan ） &lt;/span&gt;儘管最後時限已過一小時，但紐約時報公司和《波士頓環球報》工會雙方仍未作出任何表態。紐約時報公司(NYT.N: &lt;a href="http://cn.reuters.com/stocks/quote?symbol=NYT.N"&gt;行情&lt;/a&gt;)曾向《波士頓環球報》施壓，稱如果後者拒絕做出讓步，降低成本，將在數周內關閉報社。&lt;br /&gt;紐約時報公司稱，將于週一向美國政府提交書面通知，即如果《波士頓環球報》工會拒絕做出數百萬計美元的降低成本讓步，公司將關閉報社。&lt;br /&gt;紐約時報向報社下達最後通牒的時限為北京時間4日正午12:00，報社下屬的四大工會將找到高達2,000萬美元的降低成本方案。&lt;br /&gt;紐約時報稱，他們將按照《勞動者調整與再培訓通知法案》（Workers Readjustment and Retraining Notification,WARN）的要求，在關閉一家企業前提前60天做出通知。這是紐約時報公司目前為止施加的最大壓力。&lt;br /&gt;如果雙方未能談妥，美國最大的報業之一——《波士頓環球報》可能面臨倒閉。&lt;br /&gt;《波士頓環球報》曾是美國頂尖日報之一，但近年來廣告收入下滑嚴重，報社不得不開始削減開支。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-6961907683696948816?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/6961907683696948816/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=6961907683696948816' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/6961907683696948816'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/6961907683696948816'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post_04.html' title='《波士頓環球報》面臨倒閉'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-6842415566047422016</id><published>2009-05-03T21:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-03T21:50:52.375-07:00</updated><title type='text'>可怕的北大</title><content type='html'>東方早報今天大篇幅紀念五四。評論版專題紀念，LOGO使用的是“新青年”。&lt;br /&gt;胡錦濤5月3日到中國農業大學紀念五四。胡“強調”，當代青年對五四運動最好的紀念、對五四先驅最好的告慰，就是要在黨的領導下，以執著的信念、優良的品德、豐富的知識、過硬的本領，勇敢地擔負起歷史重任，同廣大人民群眾一道，奮力開創中國特色社會主義事業新局面，讓偉大的五四精神在振興中華新的實踐中放射出更加奪目的時代光芒。&lt;br /&gt;溫家寶同日到清華大學。溫家寶說，明天是五四運動九十周年，&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;科學、民主、愛國應該是我們紀念五四，牢牢記住並且應該發揚的精神和傳統。&lt;/span&gt;他對大家說，每一個青年的前途離不開國家的前途。沒有國家的前途就沒有青年的前途。我們國家是大有希望的，是有光明前途的。我們國家的發展、社會的進步，將會給每個青年創造用武之地。此外，國家的前途也離不開青年的前途。一個國家的希望就寄託在青年的身上，寄託在你們身上。沒有青年的犧牲和奮鬥精神，沒有整個民族素質的提高，這個民族和國家也是沒有希望的。這兩點是互相聯繫的，歸根到底是：青年人要把自己的命運和國家的命運連在一起。&lt;br /&gt;他們沒有到北京大學。這也許正說明，北京大學光芒還未曾散去。北京大學的歷史，是如此堅硬，可靠。&lt;br /&gt;5月4日，新華社簡要發稿：&lt;br /&gt;“紀念五四運動90周年大會4日上午在人民大會堂舉行。胡錦濤、吳邦國、溫家寶、賈慶林、李長春、習近平、李克強、賀國強、周永康等党和國家領導人出席大會。&lt;br /&gt;“中共中央政治局常委李長春在大會上講話。&lt;br /&gt;“會上，青年學生代表、北京大學學生會主席張度，青年職工代表、上海航天局第804研究所高級技師苗儉，青年農民代表、內蒙古自治區奈曼旗白音他拉鎮滿都拉呼嘎查黨支部書記席寶力皋，青年知識份子代表、‘星光中國芯工程’總指揮鄧中翰先後發言。”&lt;br /&gt;此文在新浪沒有顯示任何跟貼。&lt;br /&gt;新浪透露，為紀念五四運動九十周年，日前在五四運動的發源地-北京大學特別舉辦“五四與中國現當代文學”國際學術研討會，來自國內外近百名學者齊聚燕園，探討五四精神以及新文化運動。在會議期間，北大教授錢理群、中山大學教授林崗、天津師範大學副教授鮑國華等接受新浪訪談，暢談他們對五四精神的看法。&lt;br /&gt;“既要堅持五四又要超越五四的話，我們今天就要追求科學、民主、自由、人道、平等。如果丟掉了自由和平等會產生很多很多問題的，所謂堅持五四超越五四，就是要呼籲這種五四精神。”錢理群先生說。&lt;br /&gt;感謝新浪，提供了錢理群先生訪談。&lt;br /&gt;紀念五四，就不能環顧左右而言他。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-6842415566047422016?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/6842415566047422016/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=6842415566047422016' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/6842415566047422016'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/6842415566047422016'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post.html' title='可怕的北大'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8953418291692318158</id><published>2009-04-29T22:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-30T02:23:43.490-07:00</updated><title type='text'>豬流感最好的圖片之一</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sfk7a7e_5JI/AAAAAAAAASI/FfrNmbLwe8M/s1600-h/%E7%8C%AA%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330356967800038546" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 307px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sfk7a7e_5JI/AAAAAAAAASI/FfrNmbLwe8M/s400/%E7%8C%AA%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 諜戰片《風聲》開機以來一直保持神秘，今日(4月30日)片方首次曝光了&lt;a href="http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/f/lbb.html" target="_blank"&gt;李冰冰&lt;/a&gt;和&lt;a href="http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/f/zhouxun.html" target="_blank"&gt;周迅&lt;/a&gt;的工作照。導演高群書在給兩人說戲。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8953418291692318158?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/8953418291692318158/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=8953418291692318158' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8953418291692318158'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8953418291692318158'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_1727.html' title='豬流感最好的圖片之一'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sfk7a7e_5JI/AAAAAAAAASI/FfrNmbLwe8M/s72-c/%E7%8C%AA%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8035254252362500364</id><published>2009-04-29T17:42:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-29T18:38:30.953-07:00</updated><title type='text'>盧武鉉的憂傷</title><content type='html'>&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330292780971113522" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 292px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfkBCw6cvDI/AAAAAAAAASA/D3Ozhfhpay4/s400/%E5%8D%A2%E6%AD%A6%E9%93%89.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;韓國外交官H臨行前發了張明信片到辦公室，對過往合作表示感謝。此君兩件事，讓我不會忘記。第一，父親是漢學家。第二，某次聚餐醉酒後鑽進酒店樹叢嘔吐。&lt;br /&gt;韓國人與中國文化之糾纏，由來已久。他們也很矛盾。這個國家國民與日本的感情，多少有些與中國相似。日本經濟衰退這樣的新聞，韓國媒體會加倍報導。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉與中國政府之合作，也比李明博時代要緊密許多。他對朝鮮釋放陽光，多少流露更多兄弟情感。&lt;br /&gt;5月30日，盧武鉉就要接受檢方問詢。貼身人士早前陸續被查涉嫌腐敗。出門時，對記者說自己“無顏面對國民”。&lt;br /&gt;2007年12月19日，東方早報以“還鄉”為主題報導盧武鉉卸任後打算。“韓國總統盧武鉉還鄉的時候，62歲。這些年，記錄了一個東亞國家的內戰、軍事獨裁以及民主轉型。&lt;br /&gt;“1978年，盧武鉉開始了律師生涯，旗幟鮮明地為勞動者辯護反對獨裁統治。1981年，盧武鉉替12名被軍政府指控‘私藏禁書’的大學生辯護，成為著名的“人權律師”。&lt;br /&gt;“1987年，發生了大宇造船廠一名工人在示威途中被催淚彈打死的事件，盧因揭露事實真相而被捕，被關押21天，律師營業執照被吊銷，並且被剝奪了6個月的律師權。&lt;br /&gt;“2003年，他出任總統。5年時間，他在‘實現新舊交替、打破舊政治和特權政治’的旗幟之下，推動‘平民政府’穩步前行。朝鮮半島局勢也在‘陽光政策’普照之下有所緩和。”&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉有過鬥士經歷。&lt;br /&gt;不過，他和媒體的長久僵持關係又暴露這個“平民政府”缺陷。東方早報曾經引述朝鮮日報報導，解析他解除政府新聞室制度被指限制新聞自由的事件。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉認為，媒體一直針對他。&lt;br /&gt;讓人驚詫的是，H君第二天看到報導後明確表示不滿。這件事情表明，新聞自由在韓國國民心目中到底有怎樣的分量。&lt;br /&gt;回望歷史，才會發現盧武鉉在韓國社會進程中的真正地位。每個人都在過渡，每個人都在告別，又都在開啟。在迅速轉軌的東亞，總是這樣憂傷。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉的1980年代，不能被遺忘。他作為律師的歷程要光輝得多。作為政客的歷史，頓時黯淡。不知盧武鉉昨夜是否回想，他曾經為民眾辯護的日子。現在，他要面對檢查機關，或許某天還要站在法庭，為自己辯護。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;1980年代的鬥士，有多少已經遺忘過去。1980年代的理想，正在接受審判。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;盧武鉉今被檢察機關傳喚接受詢問&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;朝鮮日報記者 孫振碩 (2009.04.30 07:19)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;韓國前總統盧武鉉30日將到大檢察廳接受詢問。他將從金海市峰河村私宅出發前往首爾瑞草洞大檢察廳（車程353公里左右），接受長達9個小時以上的嚴密調查後，當晚就返回峰河村。據悉，他很有可能乘坐大巴移動。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉和其參謀們乘坐的大巴可能於當天上午7、8時左右離開峰河村，在警車護衛下利用高速公路上京。他們可能在馬山-大邱-金泉-驪州-首爾的路線和馬山-大邱-大田-首爾的路線中選擇一個。據悉，各家媒體記者將乘車追蹤，而且各大電視臺利用直升機，空中直播盧武鉉的移動情況。盧武鉉可能在服務區暫時休息，但午餐很有可能在車上吃事先準備的便當。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉一行乘坐的大巴跑5個小時就可以到達大檢察廳前庭，屆時迎接他的將是在場的上百媒體記者。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉可能發表簡單的感想。之後在大檢察廳事務局長的陪同下到7樓的中央調查部長李仁圭的辦公室，進行短暫的談話。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉將前往1120號VIP調查室，和主任檢察官、調查一科科長禹柄宇相對而坐，就收受600萬美元的罪名接受調查。前青瓦台秘書室室長文在寅和前民政首席秘書官全海澈將以律師身份輪流進入，陪在盧武鉉身旁，禹柄宇的旁邊將有一名助理檢察官協助調查。另外還有一名調查官列席。&lt;br /&gt;晚飯時間是6時至6時30分，讓附近飯店將預訂好的參雞湯或骨頭湯送過來，和律師一起吃。當然，調查過程中也可以喝茶和休息。&lt;br /&gt;到晚10時，檢方將在得到盧武鉉同意的情況下進行“深夜調查”。&lt;br /&gt;要確認犯罪嫌疑人質詢書內容並簽字畫押，需要到次日淩晨2時才會結束調查。據悉，結束調查後，盧武鉉將直接返回峰河村。&lt;br /&gt;據悉，警方警衛組29日說，存在同媒體車輛之間發生事故的危險，建議乘坐KTX高速列車前往首爾，但盧武鉉方面表示為難。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;盧武鉉從峰下村啟程前 稱無顏面對國民&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;韓聯社金海4月30日電&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;前總統盧武鉉應檢察廳的傳喚調查，30日從峰下村啟程前往首爾前表示：“無顏面對國民”。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉上午8時許向聚集在宅邸前的記者表示：“無顏面對國民。”“讓大家失望了，很抱歉。”說完後走進巴士。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉乘坐的是由青瓦台提供的禮儀用巴士，上午8時30分許出發，經南海高速公路前往首爾。&lt;br /&gt;上午7時57分許走出家門的盧武鉉，似乎忘記了什麼又回到屋裏。他隨即再次走出家門，從門口的臺階走到大門，乘轎車來到50米以外的記者採訪線。&lt;br /&gt;前青瓦台秘書室長文在寅、前民政首席全海澈、金慶洙秘書等四、五人，與盧武鉉一同乘坐了大巴。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉預定于下午1時30分許到達大檢察廳。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8035254252362500364?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/8035254252362500364/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=8035254252362500364' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8035254252362500364'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8035254252362500364'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_29.html' title='盧武鉉的憂傷'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfkBCw6cvDI/AAAAAAAAASA/D3Ozhfhpay4/s72-c/%E5%8D%A2%E6%AD%A6%E9%93%89.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-1456454590349311007</id><published>2009-04-27T19:47:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-27T20:01:44.788-07:00</updated><title type='text'>城市問題</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfZxMxABhyI/AAAAAAAAAR4/JvT4wcLz5wc/s1600-h/%E6%B5%B7%E6%80%AA.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5329571673165367074" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 337px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfZxMxABhyI/AAAAAAAAAR4/JvT4wcLz5wc/s400/%E6%B5%B7%E6%80%AA.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;脊骨為什麼可以和嘴唇一樣軟&lt;br /&gt;被扛在肩上&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;墨鏡和胸差不多大&lt;br /&gt;後面到底是什麼&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;金門高粱58度&lt;br /&gt;為什麼一杯就可以把人揉成泥&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;為什麼&lt;br /&gt;手，可以把空氣撩撥出吉他聲聲&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;為什麼&lt;br /&gt;大嘴沒有送我們&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;為什麼&lt;br /&gt;餓死也不吃海怪肉&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;難道&lt;br /&gt;就只有一家飯店麼&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;為什麼&lt;br /&gt;人會為失蹤而憤怒&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;為什麼晚點&lt;br /&gt;有更多快樂&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;為什麼&lt;br /&gt;有人發短消息給我，講解耶穌&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;肉嫩汁多&lt;br /&gt;解答不了一個城市的問題&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-1456454590349311007?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/1456454590349311007/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=1456454590349311007' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1456454590349311007'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1456454590349311007'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_27.html' title='城市問題'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfZxMxABhyI/AAAAAAAAAR4/JvT4wcLz5wc/s72-c/%E6%B5%B7%E6%80%AA.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-2480766771725468275</id><published>2009-04-23T18:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-23T19:03:55.905-07:00</updated><title type='text'>外交雜誌聚焦中國</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfEeAtSmygI/AAAAAAAAAPo/8U8CkFLTIYA/s1600-h/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%972009issue2_0.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328072831662475778" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 162px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 232px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfEeAtSmygI/AAAAAAAAAPo/8U8CkFLTIYA/s400/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%972009issue2_0.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 美國《外交》雜誌5-6月刊聚焦中國經濟以及中美關係。&lt;br /&gt;封面標題為《the China Challenge》。&lt;br /&gt;文章一標題為《The G-2 Mirage》，作者&lt;a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/author/elizabeth-c-economy"&gt;Elizabeth C. Economy&lt;/a&gt;和&lt;a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/author/adam-segal"&gt;Adam Segal&lt;/a&gt;。摘要：A heightened bilateral relationship may not be possible for China and the United States, as the two countries have mismatched interests and values. Washington should embrace a more flexible and multilateral approach。&lt;br /&gt;文章二標題為《Deng Undone——The Costs of Halting Market Reform in China》，作者DEREK SCISSORS。摘要稱，Driven by a near obsession with economic growth, Beijing has extended the state’s reach into the economy. Instead of urging the Chinese government to resume extensive market reforms, Washington should encourage it to focus on a narrow range of feasible measures.&lt;br /&gt;文章三標題《&lt;a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64862/minxin-pei/will-the-chinese-communist-party-survive-the-crisis"&gt;Will the Chinese Communist Party Survive the Crisis? &lt;/a&gt;》作者&lt;a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/author/minxin-pei"&gt;Minxin Pei&lt;/a&gt;。摘要：The financial crisis is challenging Beijing's ability to hold up its end of the deal with the country's elite, leading to a potential threat to the continued rule of the Chinese Communist Party.&lt;br /&gt;值得注意的是，封面還重點導讀另外一篇文章《the End of the Free Market》。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-2480766771725468275?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/2480766771725468275/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=2480766771725468275' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2480766771725468275'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2480766771725468275'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_2575.html' title='外交雜誌聚焦中國'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfEeAtSmygI/AAAAAAAAAPo/8U8CkFLTIYA/s72-c/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%972009issue2_0.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-5002984385894633939</id><published>2009-04-23T18:29:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-23T18:30:31.845-07:00</updated><title type='text'>轉折?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfEWH3-SShI/AAAAAAAAAPg/Zw4WLoHAeYg/s1600-h/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E8%BD%AC%E6%8A%98%E7%82%B9currentcoverfe_large.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328064158696098322" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 304px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfEWH3-SShI/AAAAAAAAAPg/Zw4WLoHAeYg/s400/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E8%BD%AC%E6%8A%98%E7%82%B9currentcoverfe_large.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-5002984385894633939?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/5002984385894633939/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=5002984385894633939' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5002984385894633939'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5002984385894633939'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_4856.html' title='轉折?'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfEWH3-SShI/AAAAAAAAAPg/Zw4WLoHAeYg/s72-c/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E8%BD%AC%E6%8A%98%E7%82%B9currentcoverfe_large.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-530935765207569322</id><published>2009-04-23T18:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-23T18:19:40.734-07:00</updated><title type='text'>藍水海軍的動力與使命</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;color:#000000;"&gt;原題：中國經濟崛起催生藍水海軍&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#999999;"&gt;英國《金融時報》亞洲版主編大衛•皮林(David Pilling) ，譯者/何黎，2009-04-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1888年，北洋水師宣告成立。此前中國清政府為此耗費了大約1350噸白銀購置軍艦。幾乎一夜之間，北洋水師成為世界第八大海軍，並且照理也是亞洲最強大的艦隊。但這一幻覺僅在6年後就被戲劇性地擊碎了。這支耀眼的新艦隊在中日甲午海戰中，被更為組織有方的日本帝國海軍打得全軍覆沒。這場恥辱的失敗，加速了中國的衰落和日本的崛起。10年後，日本在日俄海戰中令人震驚地獲勝，鞏固了這一實力轉移。&lt;br /&gt;昨日，中國海軍在青島慶祝成立60周年。現代化海軍的重生，是中國經濟復興的必然產物。中國海軍的實力可能還是比不上日本海軍，儘管有一個更好聽的名字：中國人民解放軍海軍（在英語裏，這聽上去像一家革命性的服裝店），而日本稱作海上自衛隊(Maritime Self Defence Force)。但趨勢是相當明顯的。受戰後和平公約的約束（即便不是法律限制），日本軍費開支最多只能達到國內生產總值(GDP)的1%。而國防分析人士估計，中國軍費開支約占GDP的4%（中國GDP雖小於日本，但增速快得多），海軍在中國軍隊成為日趨顯赫的軍種。&lt;br /&gt;遺憾的是，在應邀訪問青島的14國海軍中，日本被刻意排除在外。去年6月，一艘日本驅逐艦獲准訪問中國湛江港，這是60多年來中國首次允許懸掛太陽旗的海軍艦艇靠近中國海岸線。但在中方看來，讓日本參加紀念中國海軍成立的慶典活動，作為一種和解舉動顯然有點過頭。1949年，一些國民黨軍艦投奔共產黨，由此誕生了解放軍海軍。&lt;br /&gt;美國則得到了更好的對待。儘管由於華盛頓近期決定向臺灣增售武器，兩軍關係有所惡化，但美國海軍作戰部長、海軍上將加里•羅海德(Gary Roughead)仍應邀參加慶典。東道主中國海軍司令員吳勝利甚至邀請他搭乘軍用飛機從北京飛至青島。&lt;br /&gt;但在這些禮遇之外，對於中國構建一支“藍水海軍”的努力，美國已表示焦慮。至少在理論上，這樣的“藍水海軍”將有能力在遠離中國海岸線的地方投射實力。美國國會研究服務部(Congressional Research Services, CRS)去年11月更新的一份報告表示，中國的目標是最早在2010年就達到這樣的軍力，即一旦在北京視為中國一部分的臺灣問題上爆發衝突，中國軍隊能夠嚇阻或防止美軍進入臺灣海峽。該報告還推測，中期而言，中國的其他戰略目標可能包括：“取代美國的區域軍事影響力”，最終目標可能是鼓勵美軍撤離太平洋地區；在海上領土糾紛中捍衛自身利益；為中國進口石油和其他礦物保護海上航道。美日兩國一向對於他們眼中的中國軍費開支缺乏透明度表示憂慮。&lt;br /&gt;美日帶著一定的緊張心情關注中國海軍的崛起，純屬自然。中國可能還要數十年時間才能趕上美國的海軍實力。但是，當那一天逼近時，它將對戰後太平洋地區的均勢提出棘手的問題，迄今這一均勢在很大程度上是由於美軍的存在而得到保持的。美日兩國肯定希望，當那一天到來時，它們面對的會是一個更加民主的中國——即使這是基於一個不可靠的假定，即與威權國家相比，民主國家不太可能濫用武力。&lt;br /&gt;當然，中國堅稱自己絕無好戰意圖。中國國防部外事辦公室主任錢利華少將去年告訴英國《金融時報》：“即便有一天，我們擁有了一艘航空母艦，與別的國家不同，我們不會將其用於推行全球部署或全球影響力。”&lt;br /&gt;人們不必要完全相信這一說法才會承認，隨著中國更深地融入全球貿易，它將感到有必要保護自身利益。&lt;br /&gt;上海政法學院(Shanghai Institute of Political Science and Law)軍事專家倪樂雄告訴《南華早報》(South China Morning Post)：“中國已融入全球經濟網路。中國人民解放軍海軍的新職責是保護我們在沿海地區和公海的國家利益，而不是投入軍備競賽。”他表示，儘管一些人仍夢想著中國海軍成為一支世界級海軍，有能力“抹去殖民的恥辱”，但這不是主要目的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;全美亞洲研究所(National Bureau of Asian Research)亞洲能源安全項目主管米克爾•赫伯格(Mikkal Herberg)也承認，中國發展海軍的主要目的，很可能確實是為了保護其貿易流動。“眼下，中國的咽喉為美國海軍所控制，”他表示。戰前日本的例子表明，這絕非好事。正是這種不堪封鎖的脆弱性，至少在一定程度上導致日本走上了悲劇性和殘忍的肆虐亞洲之路。&lt;br /&gt;如果只是為了這個原因，那麼中國海軍的崛起也許真的是件好事。千百年來，中國一直向內看，現在，隨著它把眼光投向海上，如果認為這毫無危險性，那將是愚蠢的。但同樣不明智的是忽視這樣一個事實，即一支更強大的海軍，是中國日益融入全球經濟的幾乎不可避免的結果。這也帶有風險。但總體而言，這無疑是應該受到歡迎的。&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-530935765207569322?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/530935765207569322/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=530935765207569322' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/530935765207569322'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/530935765207569322'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_3029.html' title='藍水海軍的動力與使命'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-5507048875881449974</id><published>2009-04-23T18:00:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-23T18:04:50.757-07:00</updated><title type='text'>聲音收藏之can you stop the rain</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/2767-can_you_stop_the_rain(peabo_bryson"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/2767-can_you_stop_the_rain(peabo_bryson&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/13-what_will_be_will_be(doris_day"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/13-what_will_be_will_be(doris_day&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-5507048875881449974?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/5507048875881449974/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=5507048875881449974' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5507048875881449974'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5507048875881449974'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/whatwillbewillbe.html' title='聲音收藏之can you stop the rain'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-2917614742930491666</id><published>2009-04-23T01:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-23T01:09:33.365-07:00</updated><title type='text'>是人物</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfAh1OeiGhI/AAAAAAAAAPY/lNYeCgPQc2k/s1600-h/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E8%92%8B%E7%BB%8F%E5%9B%BD.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327795557482240530" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 286px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfAh1OeiGhI/AAAAAAAAAPY/lNYeCgPQc2k/s400/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E8%92%8B%E7%BB%8F%E5%9B%BD.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-2917614742930491666?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/2917614742930491666/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=2917614742930491666' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2917614742930491666'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2917614742930491666'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_23.html' title='是人物'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfAh1OeiGhI/AAAAAAAAAPY/lNYeCgPQc2k/s72-c/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E8%92%8B%E7%BB%8F%E5%9B%BD.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-283229519943184398</id><published>2009-04-22T19:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-22T20:27:26.345-07:00</updated><title type='text'>男人幫美女TOP10</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;1 Cheryl Cole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I wish I was a bloke sometimes. There are a few things I'd like to try out as a bloke.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_gAkZOvdI/AAAAAAAAAPQ/GZvKOYUymD8/s1600-h/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B31cheryl-cole-FHM-100-sexiest-women.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327723184576708050" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_gAkZOvdI/AAAAAAAAAPQ/GZvKOYUymD8/s400/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B31cheryl-cole-FHM-100-sexiest-women.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Nadine. Kimberley. Sarah. Nicola. The other members of Girls Aloud, in case you've forgotten. But it's a forgivable slice of amnesia, given that 2008/09 has been all about Cheryl - never mind the bandmates. In the last 12 months, thanks to taking The X Factor by storm, the gorgeous Geordie has become Britain's most wanted star. And it's easy to see why. With her flawless skin, high cheekbones, wafer-thin waist, perfect pins and criminally underexposed cleavage, it's like God himself decided her native Newcastle was looking a bit dowdy, and needed a beacon of angel-like beauty at its centre. Add a dirty laugh and ability to repel Simon Cowell, and it's no wonder that the 25-year-old has usurped even the mighty Keeley Hazell as the UK's sexiest female. She's also been named Britain's Best Dressed Woman by Tatler, won a Brit Award, graced the covers of FHM and Vogue, climbed Kilimanjaro for Comic Relief and claimed the title of Heat's 'most fanciable female'.&lt;br /&gt;And now, she accepts perhaps the ultimate accolade for womankind: the wide-eyed, reverential acclaim of FHM's readership. Such was the enormous surge in votes during the early weeks that, within a fortnight of the polls opening, she had an insurmountable lead. Seriously: at this rate of nationwide domination, it can only be a matter of time before the country converts en masse to a new religion: Cherylanity. We're imagining black and white Toon Army monk habits, and prayers that end in "howay". In fact, there may only be one question left: is she perfect? No, she has a flaw. His name's Ashley. Just say the word, Cheryl. Just say the word.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;2 Megan Fox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I have the libido of a 15-year-old boy - my sex drive is so high. ”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_fhwWMmwI/AAAAAAAAAPI/JE_ZFlMkEos/s1600-h/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B32megan-fox-100-sexiest.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327722655209265922" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 301px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_fhwWMmwI/AAAAAAAAAPI/JE_ZFlMkEos/s400/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B32megan-fox-100-sexiest.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;After a winning debut in last year's competition, the fire'n'ice beauty has spent the year waltzing, clothes-free, around Simon Pegg in How To Lose Friends &amp;amp; Alienate People, playing a possessed cheerleader in the forthcoming Jennifer's Body and generally making good boys want to be very, very bad: "I like the bad-boy types. The guy I'm attracted to is the guy in the club with all the tattoos and nail polish. He's usually the lead singer in a punk band and plays guitar." Well, he sounds like a cock to us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;3 Jessica Alba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I've said I won't go naked in any of my movies, because I don't want to. But that doesn't mean I don't want to see other people strip off! ”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_eMcPhv1I/AAAAAAAAAPA/xdAGQwAvB6s/s1600-h/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B33jessica-alba-fhm-100-sexiest.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327721189523701586" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_eMcPhv1I/AAAAAAAAAPA/xdAGQwAvB6s/s400/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B33jessica-alba-fhm-100-sexiest.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Motherhood causes strange things to happen. Things like the Razzie-nominated The Love Guru. But, sprog dropped, it's back to business as usual for our 2007 champ. After a guest appearance in the US version of The Office, she'll be dusting down her leather chaps and gyrating her way back into nerdish hearts as Sin City 2's Nancy Callahan. But does she take her work home with her? "Most nights I end up wearing a wife beater T-shirt and boxers." Shame. But at least you've got more in common than you thought.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;4 Britney Spears&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;“I no longer study Kabbalah, my baby is my religion. ”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_Zr01dFZI/AAAAAAAAAO4/f9mDnp9-bAc/s1600-h/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B34britney-spears-FHM-sexiest-women.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327716231143036306" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_Zr01dFZI/AAAAAAAAAO4/f9mDnp9-bAc/s400/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B34britney-spears-FHM-sexiest-women.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Like a slightly unhinged chameleon, Britney Spears can change her appearance at the drop of a hat. From schoolgirl to diva, through doting mother to... well, yes, there may have been a slight blip when she and K-Fed split, what with the hair shaving, bingeing and showing off the contents of her 'purse' to all and sundry. But Britney's stormed back up the list and - after a rumoured £60,000 makeover - she's looking, if not her best, then a pretty good approximation of what she once was.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;5 Keeley Hazell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“If I'm swimming in a pool and my bikini pops off, I'm not bothered and carry on. ”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_ZUIH2XTI/AAAAAAAAAOw/sEbu7fV1ySg/s1600-h/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B35keeley-hazell-pic.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327715824003603762" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_ZUIH2XTI/AAAAAAAAAOw/sEbu7fV1ySg/s400/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B35keeley-hazell-pic.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;It's a mystery of modern times that Keeley, despite consistently featuring in the 100 Sexiest's Top Five, has never nabbed the top spot. Is it because she's too nice? Has her green campaigning diluted the appeal of what is, without doubt, the UK's most revered frontage? Or is she just in limbo? She's overtaken David Beckham as the most Googled Brit in the US. The 22-year-old is taking drama and psychology classes. She's started her own modelling agency. And she's single. Our girl's doing just fine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;6 Adriana Lima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Sex is for after marriage. [Men] have to respect that this is my choice. If there's no respect, that means they don't want me. ”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_Y132ZRtI/AAAAAAAAAOo/Jja64IKzYAQ/s1600-h/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B36adriana-FHM-top-ten-sexiest-women.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327715304239351506" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_Y132ZRtI/AAAAAAAAAOo/Jja64IKzYAQ/s400/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B36adriana-FHM-top-ten-sexiest-women.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Now entering her tenth year on the catwalk, Brazilian supermodel Lima is so perfect that her government uses her picture to make Brazilians not mind about all that City Of God stuff. A strict Catholic, she was believed to be the only 28-year-old virgin left on the planet until she married on Valentine's Day this year. Lima volunteers in an orphanage in her home town where the small boys ask her for cuddles, look down her top and then high-five each other the second that her back's turned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;7 Elisha Cuthbert&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I'm a huge fan of video games and comic books. I'm not die-hard or anything, but I definitely appreciate the art in it, which is really cool. ”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_YiZx63mI/AAAAAAAAAOg/X5SL8BoEHtM/s1600-h/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B37elisha-cuthbert-FHM-sexiest-women.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327714969750003298" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_YiZx63mI/AAAAAAAAAOg/X5SL8BoEHtM/s400/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B37elisha-cuthbert-FHM-sexiest-women.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;She's been beaten, kidnapped and shot at. Hell, she's even been chased by a cougar. But you can't keep a good girl down, so, come 'Day Seven', Kim Bauer's back, pouting provocatively and running chestily. And, fantastically, 24 isn't this coquettish, Top Ten stalwart Canadian's only showcase. No, the 27-year-old also stars in The Six Wives Of Henry Lefay, a 'comedy' where she juggles six stepmothers at her father's funeral. Hmmm, maybe you should stick to 24, or download The Girl Next Door - Elisha plays an ex-porn star.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;8Kristin Kreuk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;“Just because I don't do bad things doesn't mean I don't have bad thoughts. ”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_Xz4bw-kI/AAAAAAAAAOY/U4aqdgW617w/s1600-h/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B38100-sexiest-kristen-kreuk.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327714170524727874" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 301px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_Xz4bw-kI/AAAAAAAAAOY/U4aqdgW617w/s400/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B38100-sexiest-kristen-kreuk.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Last year's shock entry was Elisha Cuthbert, reaching the No.4 spot simply by dint of breathing. This year, another 26-year-old crashes into the Top Ten - again, it seems, solely on the basis of TV nostalgia. It can't be Kristin's role in Street Fighter: The Legend Of Chun-Li. Nope, us neither. So it must be her role as Superman's girl in Smallville driving the votes. Or Superman himself, repeatedly pressing the "submit" button on FHM.com like a demented supersonic jackrabbit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;9 Anna Friel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;“For me personally, everything is on a kiss.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_XVEfNyqI/AAAAAAAAAOQ/Bvzc11lgHNs/s1600-h/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B39anna-friel-FHM-sexiest-women-2009.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327713641184479906" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_XVEfNyqI/AAAAAAAAAOQ/Bvzc11lgHNs/s400/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B39anna-friel-FHM-sexiest-women-2009.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Crashing back into the Top Ten, the 32-year-old star of massive US series Pushing Daisies could never have expected how far she would go after finding fame while lezzing off in scally misery fest Brookside. After a dalliance with a m閚age ?trois alongside Jonathan Rhys Meyers in The Tribe, Hollywood came calling. Anna is now starring in this summer's big blockbuster Land Of The Lost alongside Will Ferrell.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;10 Freida Pinto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“The camera never gave me cold feet.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_WfddrrXI/AAAAAAAAAOI/QzaJRilaCDU/s1600-h/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E5%A5%B3%E9%83%8E10slumdog-millionaire-Freida-pinto.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327712720176000370" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_WfddrrXI/AAAAAAAAAOI/QzaJRilaCDU/s400/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E5%A5%B3%E9%83%8E10slumdog-millionaire-Freida-pinto.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;I have always felt comfortable in front of it.&lt;br /&gt;This year's highest new entry, the Mumbai model made her film debut in Danny Boyle's Slumdog Millionaire last year and rocketed straight into number two on everyone's list of favourite Indians (Sachin Tendulkar remains strong in first position, but she nudged Gandhi down to third, who can only expect to drop further if he continues his stubborn refusal to contemporise his image like Madonna does). Now BAFTA-nominated, the 24-year-old had previously been presenting a television travel show and appearing in Skoda adverts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-283229519943184398?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/283229519943184398/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=283229519943184398' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/283229519943184398'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/283229519943184398'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/top10.html' title='男人幫美女TOP10'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_gAkZOvdI/AAAAAAAAAPQ/GZvKOYUymD8/s72-c/%E7%94%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B31cheryl-cole-FHM-100-sexiest-women.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-386333899055005060</id><published>2009-04-22T18:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-22T18:47:33.609-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Editor Is Leaving the Observer, New York’s Scorecard</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_In8N9NLI/AAAAAAAAAOA/2yLEjbnZbMc/s1600-h/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%B6ldrew_0.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327697472707703986" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 358px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_In8N9NLI/AAAAAAAAAOA/2yLEjbnZbMc/s400/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%B6ldrew_0.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_GsddEWfI/AAAAAAAAANw/vC8D6Hxexs4/s1600-h/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%B6observer_logo.gif"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327695351325678066" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 40px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_GsddEWfI/AAAAAAAAANw/vC8D6Hxexs4/s400/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%B6observer_logo.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;color:#666666;"&gt;By &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="More Articles by David Carr" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/david_carr/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;color:#666666;"&gt;DAVID CARR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;，紐約時報，&lt;span style="font-size:85%;color:#666666;"&gt;Published: April 22, 2009&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_FgWh3TsI/AAAAAAAAANo/rHpz3GPKIy4/s1600-h/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%B6pinkcover_0.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327694043796688578" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 293px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_FgWh3TsI/AAAAAAAAANo/rHpz3GPKIy4/s400/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%B6pinkcover_0.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Peter W. Kaplan, the editor of The &lt;a title="More articles about New York Observer." href="http://www.observer.com/"&gt;New York Observer&lt;/a&gt;, announced his resignation on Wednesday and said he would be leaving the weekly in June. For the past 15 years Mr. Kaplan has used tart headlines and talented young writers to create a kind of contemporary municipal history of New York high and sometimes low. The newspaper let those in the know know what else they should know about.&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Kaplan met with his staff at 2 p.m. to inform them of his departure, saying that after almost 800 issues it was time for someone else to perform what some of those who work at the small paper have called a kind of a weekly miracle. “I have been here 15 years,” he said in an interview, pointing out that his third five-year contract is up in June. “I’m 55, interested in a third act, and I’ve had my turn here. I want to take what I have learned and see if there is a way I can help figure out what is next for our business.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="More articles about Jared Kushner." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/jared_kushner/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Jared Kushner&lt;/a&gt;, 28, the newspaper’s owner and publisher, said, “It’s sad that Peter is leaving the paper. He’s done some wonderful things here at The Observer.”&lt;br /&gt;Although each of the men said nice things about each other, a number of staffers at The Observer, who did not speak for attribution because they didn’t want to be openly critical of the paper’s owner, said in interviews that a push for shorter articles and a desire for cuts in an already small newsroom budget helped Mr. Kaplan decide it was time to go.&lt;br /&gt;He will leave a New York media world that is very different from the one he began covering in The Observer in 1994 — one that is challenged by faltering bottom lines and atomized into dozens of blogs and Web sites. Just last week The Observer broke a story about a Brooklyn con woman, the so-called hipster-grifter, in an article that provided just the kind of New York intrigue and context that had been a hallmark of the newspaper. But &lt;a title="More articles about Gawker Media." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/g/gawker_media/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;Gawker&lt;/a&gt;, the Manhattan gossip blog, immediately took custody of the story, annotating it with attitude and reader-submitted sightings of the protagonist that all but obscured where the story came from in the first place.&lt;br /&gt;“We are a newspaper in a time that is fundamentally uncongenial to newspapers, and we are about the reporting at a time when the economics of reporting are very difficult to justify,” Mr. Kaplan said. “There may be some similarities in tone, but we are the diametric opposite of Gawker. We don’t borrow information, we create it.”&lt;br /&gt;Known for his soaring soliloquies about the city he loved but did not live in — he resides in Westchester — Mr. Kaplan is a modern version of the fedora-wearing newsman, a man who saw his paper as a weekly libretto rendered in glamour and noir. During his tenure the longest for an editor in the newspaper’s 22-year history, The Observer played large for its size, catching Senator &lt;a title="More articles about Joseph R. Biden Jr." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/joseph_r_jr_biden/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Joseph R. Biden Jr.&lt;/a&gt;, when he was a presidential candidate, taking the measure of &lt;a title="More articles about Barack Obama" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/o/barack_obama/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Barack Obama&lt;/a&gt; by saying he was “articulate and bright and clean”; getting an interview with Jayson Blair at a time when his reporting for The New York Times was coming apart; and all but creating a television and movie franchise with its “Sex and the City” column.&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Kaplan’s skepticism and manifest enthusiasm have left a footprint on the vocabulary of contemporary journalism. Long before there were tatty, snarky blogs, the voice of amazed, gimlet-eyed hilarity was baked into Mr. Kaplan’s version of the weekly. And dozens of the people annealed in his weekly oven of big ambitions and tiny budgets have graduated onto the Web and into mainstream newsgathering, a diaspora that both widened and diluted its strength as a paper.&lt;br /&gt;The Observer relies heavily on real estate advertising and circulates mostly in Manhattan to about 50,000 readers. It has undergone significant changes since it was sold by the avuncular Manhattan businessman Arthur Carter in 2006, and purchased by Mr. Kushner, the Manhattan real-estate scion. At the tender age of 25 he plunked down almost $10 million for the weekly. The penchant for money losing remained a part of The Observer’s identity, but in 2007 it left behind its broadsheet format and became a tabloid and turned significant attention to its Web site, &lt;a href="http://observer.com/" target="_"&gt;observer.com&lt;/a&gt;. Mr. Kaplan said at the time that part of the gesture was to come up with a paper that its new owner could relate to.&lt;br /&gt;(In some ways Mr. Kushner would appear to be more of an ideal subject than owner of the weekly. On Tuesday night he and his girlfriend Ivanka Trump walked the stairs leading up to the Vanity Fair party celebrating the opening of the &lt;a title="More articles about the Tribeca Film Festival." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/t/tribeca_film_festival_nyc/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier"&gt;Tribeca Film Festival&lt;/a&gt;. The photographers went bonkers.)&lt;br /&gt;Observer staffers said the pairing of an editor preoccupied by New York demimondes and the young real estate baron was an odd alliance that was bound to dissolve at some point, but Mr. Kaplan, as is often the case in public partings, had only kind words to offer.&lt;br /&gt;“Jared saved the paper,” he said in the interview. “It would have gone bye-bye in 2006. He is fundamentally a capitalist in a business that needs capitalists, and he is 28 years old in a business that needs 28-year-olds.”&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Kaplan, a former reporter for The New York Times and once the executive producer of “The &lt;a title="More articles about Charlie Rose." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/r/charlie_rose/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Charlie Rose&lt;/a&gt; Show,” came to The Observer as an editor in the tradition of &lt;a title="More articles about Clay Felker." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/f/clay_felker/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Clay Felker&lt;/a&gt;, the founding editor of New York magazine. He promoted and executed a tough-minded brand of civic hyperbole, a belief that there was and is no other place in the world like New York City. His job, which has previously belonged to &lt;a title="More articles about Graydon Carter." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/graydon_carter/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Graydon Carter&lt;/a&gt;, now the editor of Vanity Fair, and Susan Morrison, now an editor at &lt;a title="More articles about The New Yorker." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/n/the_new_yorker/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;The New Yorker&lt;/a&gt;, involved the creation of a real-time taxonomy of New York power — not just who was up and down, but who mattered in the first place. Finding oneself depicted in a large-headed caricature in the paper was a totem of arrival in some parts of Manhattan, a sign that one had become worthy of incarceration in the social pantheon defined by its pages.&lt;br /&gt;But The New York Observer has always worked on a less than thin margin. Mr. Kushner may have a small interest in publishing, but his main business is New York real estate, which has been a rugged nexus of the economic downturn.&lt;br /&gt;Despite rumors of disagreements over financing, Mr. Kaplan said Mr. Kushner will continue to support the paper.&lt;br /&gt;“It’s true that he and I are very different creatures, but he is very ambitious, which is The New York Observer’s stock in trade,” he said. “He clearly wants to see this thing through.” Mr. Kaplan, who called the paper his “life’s work” when he was shopping it after Mr. Carter tired of putting tens of millions of dollars into it, said that it will continue in some form, just not with the topspin he put on it every week. &lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_EvmCIB7I/AAAAAAAAANg/XR1Mm4ddI6k/s1600-h/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%B6kaplanspan.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I bring my own weird cultural framing to this, but I am not immune to the Oedipal triumph of what comes next here from the people at this paper who will take it over,” he said. “It will be a battle on all fronts, but the paper will be freer and faster, moving into the future in ways that I can’t foresee.”&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Kushner said that he and Mr. Kaplan had come to an agreement a month ago that he would be leaving, and that Mr. Kaplan would be assisting him in a search for a new editor.&lt;br /&gt;Former staffers said regardless of who is chosen, Mr. Kaplan’s departure would leave a gap in New York’s media landscape. &lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327696182506335218" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 241px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_Hc11-q_I/AAAAAAAAAN4/PGoNom_YbW4/s400/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%B6kaplanspan.jpg" border="0" /&gt;Jim Windolf, a former Observer reporter who is now a contributing editor at Vanity Fair, said, “I think it seems depressing that we are living at a time when someone like Peter Kaplan is not running a major publication in New York. That just seems weird to me.”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-386333899055005060?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/386333899055005060/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=386333899055005060' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/386333899055005060'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/386333899055005060'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/editor-is-leaving-observer-new-yorks.html' title='Editor Is Leaving the Observer, New York’s Scorecard'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se_In8N9NLI/AAAAAAAAAOA/2yLEjbnZbMc/s72-c/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%B6ldrew_0.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-7263310218104679356</id><published>2009-04-22T03:01:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-22T03:01:37.994-07:00</updated><title type='text'>1919</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se7q_H0AjuI/AAAAAAAAANY/HN7whwwxKB8/s1600-h/1919.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327453779375722210" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 306px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se7q_H0AjuI/AAAAAAAAANY/HN7whwwxKB8/s400/1919.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-7263310218104679356?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/7263310218104679356/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=7263310218104679356' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7263310218104679356'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7263310218104679356'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/1919.html' title='1919'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se7q_H0AjuI/AAAAAAAAANY/HN7whwwxKB8/s72-c/1919.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-1155295312131726632</id><published>2009-04-22T02:13:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-22T02:25:48.477-07:00</updated><title type='text'>歷史</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:85%;color:#666666;"&gt;寫給5月和6月，以及7月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;誰來寫歷史，都不放心。&lt;br /&gt;仇恨太長，筆劃太短。&lt;br /&gt;時間，總有一天封喉。&lt;br /&gt;朋友們寫字，又太多酒氣。&lt;br /&gt;也好，&lt;br /&gt;最後的墓碑&lt;br /&gt;留給愛情。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-1155295312131726632?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/1155295312131726632/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=1155295312131726632' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1155295312131726632'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1155295312131726632'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_1110.html' title='歷史'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-2782190072664145089</id><published>2009-04-22T01:11:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-22T01:46:05.091-07:00</updated><title type='text'>史達林的幽靈與普京的歷史難題</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Putin vs. the Truth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Inside the Stalin Archives: Discovering the New Russia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;紐約時報書評，Volume 56, Number 7 · &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/contents/20090430"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;April 30, 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;,By &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/authors/9410"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;Orlando Figes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se7XFj_wm4I/AAAAAAAAANQ/ThsUZyJuJmI/s1600-h/InsideStalinArchives_LR.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327431899787860866" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 285px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se7XFj_wm4I/AAAAAAAAANQ/ThsUZyJuJmI/s400/InsideStalinArchives_LR.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;In 1991, during the last days of the Soviet Union, I was working in the Military History Archive in Moscow. The archive complex was in a crumbling state. There were broken windows and stray cats on the staircase to the reading room. The desk lamps had no lightbulbs and there was no heat. Half the archivists had left because of poor pay. In the courtyard of the complex stood, surreally, a Soviet army tank. The director told me he had bought it very cheaply as an attraction: it was part of his "business plan" for the archive. Last year I returned to the archive. The buildings were not much improved, and the staff were just as rude as I remembered them from Soviet days. The tank had gone, but in its place was a shestyorka, a Mercedes S-600, the standard car of the minor oligarchs, brand new with tinted glass. I was told that it belonged to one of the archive's directors.&lt;br /&gt;The collapse of the Soviet regime gave the heads of Russia's archives new commercial opportunities. In the first chaotic years of the Yeltsin government, when they were allowed to run their archives as their personal fiefdoms, there was money to be made from the journalists and publishers who flocked to Moscow (and very rarely to St. Petersburg) in search of secrets and sensations from the vaults. There were tales of Western publishers buying up exclusive rights to the archives, of deals being made to reserve parts of them for certain Western researchers,&lt;a name="fnr1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; and even rumors that precious documents were being sold.&lt;a name="fnr2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For scholars too there were real gains. Intellectually, the end of communism was a liberation for historians. They could travel to Russia, work in the archives freely, and publish what they liked, without fear of retribution from the Soviet authorities.&lt;br /&gt;To understand this liberation, one has to appreciate what it was like to work in the Soviet archives as a foreigner. From 1984 to 1987, I worked in the Central State Archive of the October Revolution (TsGAOR), now the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), for my first book, on the peasantry in the Russian Revolution and the Civil War. There were no more than a handful of foreign historians working in the archive at that time. We had no access to the catalogs (it was only in 1986 that they began to be made available) so our only information about the contents of the archive came from the footnotes of Soviet publications. The system worked on the principle of preserving everything but admitting the existence of only those materials cleared for publication by Soviet historians.&lt;br /&gt;All our requests for documents were vetted by a woman from the KGB. As foreigners we had to work in a separate reading room, without access to the canteen, so that we would not come into contact with Soviet historians or archivists, who might help us with our work. There was just one flaw in the system: the reading room for Soviet researchers shared a toilet with the room for foreigners. In those days I was a smoker, so I'd go there frequently and chat with Soviet historians and archivists, who liked my Western cigarettes and were happy to find out for me the numbers of the files I needed for my work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jonathan Brent is the editorial director of Yale University Press. In January 1992, he arrived in Moscow for the first time, and with the help of a young American scholar, Jeffrey Burds, he tried to persuade the heads of Russia's most important central archives to do business with him. Brent's plan was to publish a series of volumes of selected documents from the newly opened Soviet archives, employing American scholars and Russian archivists as editors—a project that became the Annals of Communism, of which so far twenty volumes have been published (and another ten are in preparation) on various themes in Soviet history. In the first part of his engaging and well-written memoir, Inside the Stalin Archives, Brent tells the story of the project's genesis. He conjures up the Moscow of the early 1990s, a time when the Russians were struggling to recover from the loss of the old certainties following the collapse of the Soviet system and adapt to a market-based economy. On his first visit to the former Party Archive, Brent notices "a small glass vase of fresh violets" at the feet of a statue of Lenin; on a later visit he notices that these have been replaced by plastic flowers; and then the flowers disappear.&lt;br /&gt;There were rival Western publishers who would perhaps pay more for sensational material from the archives. But the affable American was guided well by Burds and his friends in the Russian scholarly community, who advised Brent to emphasize his scholarly intentions and show respect for the Russians. "Don't come on like a conquering hero; don't be a smug American; don't look down on them because their system failed and ours triumphed." Sitting down for his first meeting with the archive officials, Brent did something he had been told to do by Burds: he opened a fresh packet of Winston cigarettes, offered them across the negotiating table, and accepted the counter-offer of a packet of Russian cigarettes as a gesture of respect. And then Brent made a naive speech about how he had "grown up under the sign of the Cold War" and had lived in fear of nuclear attack; how he had also grown up listening to his "father's record of the Red Army Chorus and had marched around our apartment to their glorious melodies"; how he had thought that "people who could sing such songs...could not possibly be my enemy"; and how he had now come to Moscow "with the hope that we could negotiate in good faith and reach an understanding that would enrich both sides of the table."&lt;br /&gt;I may have gone on too long, but I wished to make clear that for me this was not simply a business deal: it was a quest for understanding an enigma that was not a set of academic or political questions but the context of my life experience and that of my generation of Americans.&lt;br /&gt;One can only wonder what the heads of Russia's archives made of such a speech, but what persuaded them to do business with Brent was relatively straightforward: he promised that as editors of the published volumes they would be paid royalties in dollars on equal terms with the Americans. Once it became clear that they would make some money for themselves—and that the researchers of their archives would be paid as well—they readily revealed the riches of the archives and negotiated contracts for their publication in America. Brent's initial list of subjects (the Great Terror, the Church and the Revolution, the Comintern and the repressions of the 1930s) was soon supplemented by other volumes on the Russian Revolution, the last diary of the Empress Alexandra, the murder of the Romanov family, and Soviet espionage in the US. There was not much that Brent was not prepared to buy.&lt;br /&gt;What remained unclear was whether Yale would have exclusive publishing rights outside Russia, as he insisted it should have (in fact, there are lots of cases of the Russian archives selling the same documents to several publishers); whether there would be a Russian publication of all the documents (and, if so, who would pay for it); and whether other researchers, from Russia or abroad, would be allowed to make use of the archives while they were being prepared for publication by the American academics selected as editors by Yale (there were plenty of complaints by scholars on this score). Brent recognized&lt;br /&gt;that it was vital the books be available in Russian for Russian readers; otherwise, was it not some form of plunder? Otherwise, how would this knowledge penetrate Russian society? And without this knowledge, how could a new society begin to be constructed?&lt;br /&gt;This was an important admission to make because at the time there was a widely publicized protest by Russian nationalists and Communists about the "theft" of Russia's archives by foreigners accused of wanting to blacken Soviet history by focusing attention on its darkest spots. As Brent explains, a potential problem was avoided by negotiating subsidies for the Russian publication of the volumes in the Yale series, leaving it to the individual archives to decide what documents to add or take away from each volume, though so far only fourteen of the twenty volumes in the Yale series have been published in Russia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Annals of Communism is an admirable enterprise. In it, some of the most important revelations from the former Soviet archives have been published for the first time.&lt;a name="fnr3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn3"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; Many of the volumes have successfully combined the publication of new materials with original analysis.&lt;a name="fnr4"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn4"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; But others have been less successful, either because the documents themselves are relatively insignificant,&lt;a name="fnr5"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn5"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt; or because they include jargon-ridden academic commentaries.&lt;a name="fnr6"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn6"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the second half of Inside the Stalin Archives, Brent gives a summary of some of the books in the series (though without giving any details of their authors or even a list of the titles in a bibliography). The series, we are told, will culminate in the publication of several volumes of documents from Stalin's personal files. In a final chapter, Brent has some interesting reflections on Stalin's notes in the margins of the books in his private library:&lt;br /&gt;As I looked at page after page of Stalin's corrections, annotations, and commentary, I realized that while he professed a worldview set radically against metaphysics and Kantian idealism, Stalin was an idealist in the sense that he believed completely in the primacy of ideas. This represents a radical, if almost invisible, reorientation and revision of Marx's philosophy and is the key to understanding Stalin's threat to "mercilessly destroy anyone who, by his deeds or his thoughts—yes, by his thoughts—threatens the unity of the socialist state."&lt;br /&gt;Stalin's personal archive was opened on the initiative of Alexander Yakovlev, the Party's last propaganda chief and the main intellectual force behind Mikhail Gorbachev's reform program, who after 1991 championed the cause of victims of repression and campaigned for a moral reckoning with the crimes of Soviet history. Until his death in 2005, Yakovlev was the chairman of the International Foundation of Democracy, established by President Boris Yeltsin in 1996, which has so far published no less than eighty-eight volumes of documents from the Soviet archives in its outstanding series Rossiia: XX vek (Russia: The Twentieth Century).&lt;br /&gt;This represents by far the largest and most important series of published documents in Russia, although there are several smaller projects that have also brought to the attention of a Russian academic readership damning new material from the archives on the repressions of the Stalin years.&lt;a name="fnr7"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn7"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt; Some of the volumes in the Yakovlev series have been published with the help of Western institutions, including the Hoover Institution and Yale University Press. Unfortunately, Brent does not discuss the impact of these Russian publications on the public debate about Stalinism in Russia, although it was evidently part of his mission (as it was of Yakovlev's) to help Russian society democratize itself through a better understanding of its recent history.&lt;br /&gt;These were very much the goals of Russian democrats in the 1990s, when organizations like Memorial, a human rights and historical research center representing millions of victims of Soviet repression, were at the height of their authority and often discussed in the public media. It was widely assumed that, if Russia was to become a democracy, if it was to renounce the authoritarian habits of its Soviet past, there had to be a genuine cultural and moral reform of the nation that could only start with an unflinching recognition of the crimes committed in its name during the Stalinist era.&lt;br /&gt;In the 1990s this was understood as an act of national repentance, an exorcism of the past, in which it was tacitly recognized that the whole of society had been collectively responsible for the murderous policies of its leaders. As the Russian historian Mikhail Gefter wrote, it was no good blaming everything on Stalin, when the real power and lasting legacy of his reign of terror was "in the Stalinism that entered into all of us."&lt;a name="fnr8"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn8"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many Russians felt uncomfortable about being confronted with these inconvenient truths about their past. They preferred not to think about the past at all, to live their normal lives and think about the future rather than to dwell on what they or their parents might have done to survive the Stalin years: the moral compromises they had made; the people they had lost, forgotten, or renounced; the questions they had never asked. This, after all, was how people had been forced to live in the Soviet Union, and these habits of conformity continued to affect the way they lived after 1991.&lt;br /&gt;Others were resentful about being told they should be ashamed of their country's history. They had been brought up on the Soviet myths: the liberating power of the October Revolution, the great advances of the Five-Year Plans, the victory against Hitler in 1945, Soviet achievements in culture, science, and technology. Why should they feel guilty about what had happened under Stalin? He had made mistakes, but he had won the war and made the Soviet Union a great power. Why should they tolerate the "blackening" of their history by foreigners? These were the sentiments of Russian "patriots," and they are the core of the nationalism that underpins the regime of Vladimir Putin.&lt;br /&gt;From the start, Putin understood the importance of historical rhetoric for his nationalist politics, particularly if it played to popular nostalgia for the Soviet Union. The collapse of the Soviet Union was felt as a humiliation by most Russians. In a matter of a few months they lost everything—an empire, an ideology, an economic system that had given them security, superpower status, national pride, and an identity forged from Soviet history. Soon after the Soviet collapse, the Russians had fallen into poverty and hunger and become dependent on relief from the West, which lectured them about democracy and human rights.&lt;br /&gt;Everything that happened in the 1990s—the hyperinflation, the loss of people's savings and security, the rampant corruption and criminality, the robber-oligarchs and the drunken president—was a source of national shame. This was the soil in which nostalgia for the Soviet Union grew. Polls in the year that Putin came to power showed that three quarters of the Russian population regretted the breakup of the USSR and wanted Russia to reincorporate "Russian" territories that had been lost, such as the Crimea and eastern Ukraine.&lt;br /&gt;Putin quickly built up his own historical mythology, combining the Soviet myths (stripped of their Communist packaging) with statist elements from the Russian Empire before 1917. His regime was connected to and sanctioned by a long "Russian tradition" of strong state power—going back to the founder of the empire and of Putin's native city, Peter the Great.&lt;br /&gt;Through this mythology Putin fostered the idea that Russia's traditions of authoritarian rule are morally equal to democratic Western traditions, and that Russia will follow its own path of "sovereign democracy," without lectures from the West. Indeed his supporters often say that Russians value a strong state, economic growth, and security more than the liberal concepts of human rights or democracy, which have no roots in Russian history.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The rehabilitation of Stalin is the most disturbing element of Putin's historical rhetoric—and the most powerful, for it taps into a deep Russian yearning for a "strong leader." According to a survey in 2005, 42 percent of the Russian people, and 60 percent of those over sixty years of age, wanted the return of a "leader like Stalin."&lt;a name="fnr9"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn9"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Putin's regime has not denied Stalin's crimes (he has made several speeches acknowledging the victims of the Great Terror of 1937–1938) but it has argued for the need to balance them against Stalin's achievements as the builder of the country's "glorious Soviet past." It is part of the regime's broader struggle to impose its "patriotic" narrative of Soviet history on the nation's historical consciousness and to marginalize the collective memory of the Stalinist repressions, perhaps so that people would not draw from it to question the return of authoritarian rule.&lt;br /&gt;At a national conference of high school teachers in Moscow in June 2007, Putin complained about the "mess and confusion" that he perceived in the teaching of Soviet history and called for "common standards" to be introduced in Russian schools.&lt;a name="fnr10"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn10"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt; The following discussion then took place:&lt;br /&gt;A conference participant: In 1990–1991 we disarmed ideologically. [We adopted] a very uncertain, abstract ideology of human values.... It is as if we were back in school, or even kindergarten. We were told [by the West]: you have rejected communism and are building democracy, and we will judge when and how you have done....&lt;br /&gt;Putin: Your remark about someone who assumes the posture of teacher and begins to lecture us is of course absolutely correct. But I would like to add that this, undoubtedly, is also an instrument of influencing our country. This is a tried and true trick. If someone from the outside is getting ready to grade us, this means that he arrogates the right to manage [us] and is keen to continue to do so.&lt;br /&gt;Participant: In the past two decades, our youth have been subjected to a torrent of the most diverse information about our historical past. This information [contains] different conceptual approaches, interpretations, or value judgments, and even chronologies. In such circumstances, the teacher is likely to...&lt;br /&gt;Putin (interrupting): Oh, they will write, all right. You see, many textbooks are written by those who are paid in foreign grants. And naturally they are dancing the polka ordered by those who pay them. Do you understand? And unfortunately [such textbooks] find their way to schools and colleges.&lt;br /&gt;In his concluding speech to the history teachers, Putin said:&lt;br /&gt;As to some problematic pages in our history—yes, we've had them. But what state hasn't? And we've had fewer of such pages than some other [states]. And ours were not as horrible as those of some others. Yes, we have had some terrible pages: let us remember the events beginning in 1937, let us not forget about them. But other countries have had no less, and even more. In any case, we did not pour chemicals over thousands of kilometers or drop on a small country seven times more bombs than during the entire World War II, as it was in Vietnam, for instance. Nor did we have other black pages, such as Nazism, for instance. All sorts of things happen in the history of every state. And we cannot allow ourselves to be saddled with guilt....&lt;a name="fnr11"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn11"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Four days after the conference, the Duma introduced a law, which was quickly passed, empowering the Ministry of Education to decide which textbooks should be published and which should be used in Russian schools.&lt;br /&gt;The history textbook favored by the government was heavily promoted by government officials attending the conference. Indeed it later turned out that The Modern History of Russia, 1945–2006: A Teacher's Handbook&lt;a name="fnr12"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn12"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt; had been directly commissioned by the presidential administration itself, which had issued the following guidelines to the textbook's authors about how they should evaluate the leaders of the period:&lt;br /&gt;Stalin—good (strengthened vertical power but no private property); Khrushchev—bad (weakened vertical power); Brezhnev—good (for the same reasons as Stalin); Gorbachev and Yeltsin—bad (destroyed the country but under Yeltsin there was private property); Putin—the best ruler (strengthened vertical power and private property).&lt;a name="fnr13"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn13"&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main author of the textbook is Alexander Filippov, the deputy director of a foreign policy think-tank closely connected to the Putin administration. But the chapter on "Sovereign Democracy" was written by Pavel Danilin, the thirty-one-year-old Kremlin propagandist and editor in chief of www.kremlin.org, a man without a history degree or experience of teaching anything. Danilin said in an interview:&lt;br /&gt;Our goal is to make the first textbook in which Russian history will look not as a depressing sequence of misfortunes and mistakes but as something to instill pride in one's country. It is precisely in this way that teachers must teach history and not smear the Motherland with mud.&lt;a name="fnr14"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn14"&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his blog (where he goes by the name of Leteha) Danilin warned any history teachers who might be unhappy about the imposition of this positive message:&lt;br /&gt;You may ooze bile but you will teach the children by those books that you will be given and in the way that is needed by Russia.... It is impossible to let some Russophobe shit-stinker (govniuk), or just any amoral type, teach Russian history. It is necessary to clear the filth, and if it does not work, then clear it by force.&lt;a name="fnr15"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn15"&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first use of force in this ideological battle came on December 4, 2008, when a group of masked men from the Investigative Committee of the Russian General Prosecutor's Office forced their way with police truncheons into the St. Petersburg offices of Memorial, which for twenty years has pioneered the research of Stalinist repressions in the Soviet Union. After a search the men confiscated hard drives containing the entire archive of Memorial in St. Petersburg: databases containing biographical information on more than 50,000 victims of repression; details about burial sites in the Petersburg area; family archives, memoirs, letters, sound recordings, transcripts of interviews, photographs, and other documents about the history of the Gulag and the Soviet Terror from 1917 to the 1960s (including the materials I collected with Memorial in St. Petersburg for my book The Whisperers&lt;a name="fnr16"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn16"&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt;). Among the confiscated items was the entire collection of materials in the Virtual Gulag Museum (gulagmuseum.org), a much-needed initiative to rescue precious artifacts, photographs, and documents from more than a hundred small exhibits under threat across Russia (a country where there is just one substantial museum of the Gulag, Perm-36, in the Urals).&lt;a name="fnr17"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn17"&gt;[17]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is no mistaking the intended message of the raid. It took place on the eve of a large international conference in Moscow on "The History of Stalinism: Results and Problems of Study"—the first conference on such a scale—organized by the commissioner of human rights for the Russian Federation, the Yeltsin Foundation, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Institute for Scientific Information for the Social Sciences, the publisher Rosspen (which has published many of the document collections from the Stalin archives), and the Memorial Society.&lt;br /&gt;Meanwhile, there were two articles attacking Memorial in the December special issue of Russkii zhurnal (Russian Journal), "On the Politics of Memory," published to coincide with the opening of the Moscow conference, where it was distributed among the delegates. The articles signaled the beginning of an ideological struggle against Memorial and other "anti-patriotic elements" that had tried to "weaken Russia" by burdening it with a sense of guilt over its own history. "Russia has ceased to be the sovereign of its own historical memory, which is now in danger of being taken over by foreign inventions," wrote Gleb Pavlovskii, the journal's editor and an adviser to Putin,&lt;a name="fnr18"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn18"&gt;[18]&lt;/a&gt; in one of the attacks on Memorial, an article entitled "Bad with Memory—Bad with Politics."&lt;a name="fnr19"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn19"&gt;[19]&lt;/a&gt;Russkii zhurnal is closely aligned to the Kremlin's thinking on foreign policy and ideology. Danilin is a frequent contributor to the magazine. His book Vragi Putina (The Enemies of Putin ) was published by Pavlovskii.&lt;a name="fnr20"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fn20"&gt;[20]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whatever the intentions of this disturbing campaign, it is unrealistic for the current regime in Russia to attempt to alter the historical record of Stalin's crimes. The opening of the archives, the publication of their documents by international initiatives like the Annals of Communism, and the work of organizations like Memorial have made that impossible, and although the archives have begun to close again in recent years, they cannot return to the way they worked in Soviet days. However, as long as the regime continues to supress the collective memory of repression and seeks to replace it with its "patriotic" myth of the Soviet past, there is little hope of Russia confronting its Stalinist inheritance, or becoming a genuine democracy, at peace with its neighbors and the world. For the moment, all the West can do is show support for Russian institutions trying to preserve the memory of repression in the Soviet Union. This year, for the third time in three years, the Memorial Society has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Perhaps it is time for it to win.&lt;br /&gt;—April 1, 2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;Notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="fn1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr1"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The best-known case involved Allen Weinstein, who at that time was president of the Center for Democracy, with close ties to the Republicans. For his book The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America—The Stalin Era, coauthored with Alexander Vassiliev (Random House, 1999; reviewed in these pages May 11, 2000), his publisher was reported to have paid a group of retired KGB officials a substantial sum (Weinstein talked of $100,000) for "exclusive" access to the relevant KGB documents (see Jon Wiener, "The Archives and Allen Weinstein," The Nation, May 17, 2004). This was a clear violation of the code of ethics of the International Council on Archives, which calls for "the widest possible" access to documents. Despite protests by many scholarly organizations, including the Society of American Archivists and the Organization of American Historians, Weinstein was appointed the ninth archivist of the United States in 2005. He resigned from the post on health grounds in December 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr2"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Several times in my recent researches in the Military History Archive I was told by staff that documents containing the Tsar's signature had been lost.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr3"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;See, for example, Stalin's Letters to Molotov, 1925–1936, edited by Lars T. Lih, Oleg V. Naumov, and Oleg V. Khlevniuk, translated from the Russian by Catherine A. Fitzpatrick, and with a foreword by Robert C. Tucker (Yale University Press, 1995), reviewed in these pages, March 6, 1997; The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933–1949, edited by Ivo Banac, translated from the German by Jane T. Hedges, from the Russian by Timothy D. Sergay, and from the Bulgarian by Irina Faion (Yale University Press, 2003); The KGB File of Andrei Sakharov, edited and annotated by Joshua Rubenstein and Alexander Gribanov, with an introduction by Joshua Rubenstein and translations by Ella Shmulevich, Efrem Yankelevich, and Alla Zeide (Yale University Press, 2005), reviewed in reviewed in these pages, October 20, 2005.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn4"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr4"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;See J. Arch Getty and Oleg V. Naumov, The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939, with translations by Benjamin Sher (Yale University Press, 1999); William J. Chase, Enemies Within the Gates? The Comintern and Stalinist Repression, 1934–1939, with translations by Vadim A. Staklo (Yale University Press, 2001); Katerina Clark and Evgeny Dobrenko with Andrei Artizov and Oleg Naumov, Soviet Culture and Power: A History in Documents, 1917–1953, with translations by Marian Schwartz (Yale University Press, 2007).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn5"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr5"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;See The Unknown Lenin: From the Secret Archive, edited by Richard Pipes with the assistance of David Brandenberger, and with translations by Catherine A. Fitzpatrick (Yale University Press, 1996); reviewed in these pages, March 6, 1997.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn6"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr6"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;See Stalinism as a Way of Life, edited by Lewis Siegelbaum and Andrei K. Sokolov, with documents compiled by Ludmila Kosheleva, and with translations by Thomas Hoisington and Steven Shabad (Yale University Press, 2000); reviewed in these pages, November 29, 2001.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn7"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr7"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;For example, the series Dokumenty sovetskoi istorii ( Documents of Soviet History), established by the late Franco Venturi (Moscow: Rosspen, yr TK), or the five-volume series of documents on collectivization, Tragediia sovetskoi derevni: Kollektivizatsiia i raskulachivanie: Dookumenty i materialy v 5 tomakh, 1927–1939, edited by the late Viktor P. Danilov, Roberta Manning and Lynne Viola (Moscow: Rosspen, 1999–2006), which will be published in three volumes in the Annals of Communism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn8"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr8"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Mikhail Gefter, "V predchuvstvii proshlogo," Vek XX n mir, No. 9 (1990), p. 29.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn9"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr9"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Moscow News, March 4, 2005.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn10"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr10"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;What Putin had in mind had been signaled at a meeting with historians in November 2003 when Putin said that textbooks should "cultivate a sense of pride in Russia's history, a sense of pride in the country, especially in young people." Shortly before his speech on that occasion, the Ministry of Education had withdrawn approval from Igor Dolutsky's Otechestvennaia istoriia XX veka dlia 10-11-x klassov (National History of the Twentieth Century for the 10th and 11th Grades), which had sold more than half a million copies in multiple editions since 1994 and served as a textbook in high schools throughout Russia. Dolutsky's textbook was a model of Western pedagogical standards: it used archival documents and presented different views at the end of each chapter. But it drew comparisons between the Stalinist and Nazi systems of repression and invited students to discuss whether Russia had become a democracy after 1991. Such provocative questions had prompted the ministry's ban, with one official quoted as saying that the textbook "encourages contempt for our past and for the Russian people."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn11"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr11"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Cited from the translation in the excellent article by Leon Aron, "The Problematic Pages," The New Republic, September 24, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn12"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr12"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Alexander Filippov, Noveishaia istoriia Rossii, 1945–2006: Kniga dlia uchitelia (Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 2007).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn13"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr13"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; Kommersant—Vlast', No. 27 (371), July 16, 2007.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn14"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr14"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[14]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Aron, "The Problematic Pages."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn15"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr15"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[15]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;See leteha.livejournal.com; cited from the translation by Leon Aron.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn16"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr16"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[16]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;On March 2, 2009, the Moscow publishing house Atticus Group (Inostranka) canceled a contract to publish The Whisperers in Russia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn17"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr17"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[17]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;See my letter on the raid in these pages, January 15, 2009. On January 20, 2009, an appeal against the raid (which was carried out with a number of illegal irregularities) was upheld by the Dzerzhinsky Regional Court, which ordered the return of all the confiscated materials to Memorial; on February 24, this decision was overturned by the City Court of St. Petersburg after an appeal by the Procuracy of St. Petersburg. At the time of writing, the confiscated archive remains in the hands of the police.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn18"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr18"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[18]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;In 2005, he was accused by the Ukrainian authorities of organizing the poisoning of Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko, an accusation Pavlovskii has denied.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn19"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr19"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[19]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Gleb Pavlovskii, "Plokho s pamiat'iu—plokho s politikoi," Russkii zhurnal, December 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a name="fn20"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22642#fnr20"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;[20]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Pavel Danilin, Vragi Putina (Moscow: Evropa, 2007).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-2782190072664145089?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/2782190072664145089/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=2782190072664145089' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2782190072664145089'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2782190072664145089'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_22.html' title='史達林的幽靈與普京的歷史難題'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se7XFj_wm4I/AAAAAAAAANQ/ThsUZyJuJmI/s72-c/InsideStalinArchives_LR.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-1017497317614892589</id><published>2009-04-21T22:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-23T22:48:06.759-07:00</updated><title type='text'>路透社實拍德國妓女</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFQASOGWaI/AAAAAAAAARw/uhgzXT_mN2o/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B317.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127799977204130" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 290px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFQASOGWaI/AAAAAAAAARw/uhgzXT_mN2o/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B317.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;路透柏林4月21日電（記者 Erik Kirschbaum）&lt;/span&gt; 世界金融危機在德國沒過多久就衝擊到“世界最古老的行業”。&lt;br /&gt;德國是全球僅有的幾個性服務業合法國家之一，而且該國的這一行業透明度極高。&lt;br /&gt;面對金融危機，德國性服務業也推出自己的“刺激方案”：現代化的行銷手段、打折、以及重振需求的小伎倆等。&lt;br /&gt;部分妓院採取了降價等促銷手段，還&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFP8f8ucPI/AAAAAAAAARo/FbDdgVtShBc/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B316.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127734942953714" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 270px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFP8f8ucPI/AAAAAAAAARo/FbDdgVtShBc/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B316.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;有一些採取統一價格的全包服務，另外採用的行銷策略還包括提供免費班車、為年老顧客和計程車司機打折、“全天通行卡”等。&lt;br /&gt;在漢諾威經營"Yes, Sir"妓院的Karin Ahrens表示：“對我們來說，時局也很嚴峻”。&lt;br /&gt;她告訴路透記者，該機構收入已經下降了30%，而其他妓院的營業額有的銳減一半。&lt;br /&gt;“我們明顯地感受到了危機。客戶對錢袋捂的很嚴，他們很擔心，你無法再收取額外費用，降價的壓力很大。特殊的促銷手段現在非常重要。” 德國約有40萬名職業的性工作者。&lt;br /&gt;官方數字並未區分男女，因此男妓的數目尚不知曉，但他們只占總人數的很小一部分，並且在法律上，男妓和妓女的地位是平等的。 &lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFP4VHKPtI/AAAAAAAAARg/C0-DxCfUlvc/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B315.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127663314452178" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 293px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFP4VHKPtI/AAAAAAAAARg/C0-DxCfUlvc/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B315.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;德國2002年通過的新法令允許性工作者做廣告，並簽署正式的勞動合同。&lt;br /&gt;這樣，性工作者也有了醫療保險。據Verdi服務聯合會預計，德國色情服務行業每年收入約140億歐元。&lt;br /&gt;色情行業的賦稅是一些城市財政收入的重要組成部分。 色情行業在荷蘭、奧地利、瑞士、匈牙利、希臘、土耳其和澳大利亞一部分地方以及美國內華達州都是合法的。&lt;br /&gt;而在盧森堡、拉脫維亞、比利時和芬蘭，妓女是合法的，但妓院和男妓則是非法的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;“創造性的解決方案”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;柏林的"Pussy Club"憑藉其“固定費用”政策而成為媒體關注的焦點。&lt;br /&gt;顧客只需交納70歐元“入場費”，就可以在早上10點到淩晨4點之間不受限制地享用食品、飲料和性服務。&lt;br /&gt;這家俱樂部的老闆Stefan表示：“這樣的情況下你必須採取一些創造性的手法。” Ecki Krumeich是柏林高檔色情場所Artemis Club的老闆，他表示自己拒絕降價，但是在周日和週一為老年人和計程車司機提供半價優惠。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPzjktVcI/AAAAAAAAARY/qXLLMI-U0BI/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B314.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127581297137090" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 273px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPzjktVcI/AAAAAAAAARY/qXLLMI-U0BI/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B314.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;“我們的哲學是：我們提供了一項重要的服務，即使在經濟衰退的時候，人們離不開它。其他一些低檔的場所可能會降價，但我們決定不會這麽做。相反，我們1月份還漲了10歐元。”&lt;br /&gt;曾任德國性工作者協會領導人的Stephanie Klee表示，某些豪華妓院也感受到時局的衝擊，因為其富人客戶群中的很多人也遭遇到經濟難題。&lt;br /&gt;“各行各業都採取了不同的行銷推廣手段，電器賣場和眼鏡店都推出打折和優惠促銷活動，我們為什麽不能呢？”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPv37ZYGI/AAAAAAAAARQ/jyNrpQ2iZ4g/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B313.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127518041530466" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 332px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPv37ZYGI/AAAAAAAAARQ/jyNrpQ2iZ4g/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B313.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;她和同事們一年前平均每天可能有五六個客戶，但現在每天只有一個，甚至一個都沒有。&lt;br /&gt;她擔心經濟危機會引起一些城市性服務行業的“價格跳水”，許多顧客已經開始討價還價。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPsBUk7xI/AAAAAAAAARI/cH8pnYYDpHg/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B312.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127451843587858" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 263px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPsBUk7xI/AAAAAAAAARI/cH8pnYYDpHg/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B312.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPofh677I/AAAAAAAAARA/4_siNfZc_s4/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B311.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127391233142706" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 274px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPofh677I/AAAAAAAAARA/4_siNfZc_s4/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B311.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPk3755yI/AAAAAAAAAQ4/3vWdL8tUd_U/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B310.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127329065101090" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 251px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPk3755yI/AAAAAAAAAQ4/3vWdL8tUd_U/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B310.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPg1JRa-I/AAAAAAAAAQw/ddHIh4BrVN8/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B39.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127259596385250" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 261px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPg1JRa-I/AAAAAAAAAQw/ddHIh4BrVN8/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B39.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPccKV_uI/AAAAAAAAAQo/OOE7S86vq6Y/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B38.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127184170516194" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 265px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPccKV_uI/AAAAAAAAAQo/OOE7S86vq6Y/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B38.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPXkUUTjI/AAAAAAAAAQg/z895shM_AHE/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B37.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127100460486194" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 263px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPXkUUTjI/AAAAAAAAAQg/z895shM_AHE/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B37.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPS7Dwe_I/AAAAAAAAAQY/BHmP0DBJT8Q/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B36.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328127020665699314" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 244px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPS7Dwe_I/AAAAAAAAAQY/BHmP0DBJT8Q/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B36.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPKjpyoXI/AAAAAAAAAQI/xQJjT5YmslE/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B34.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328126876943819122" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 267px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPKjpyoXI/AAAAAAAAAQI/xQJjT5YmslE/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B34.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPFEbpcaI/AAAAAAAAAQA/WEHLrYc-njo/s1600-h/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B33.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328126782663651746" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 268px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFPFEbpcaI/AAAAAAAAAQA/WEHLrYc-njo/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B33.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328126013033767778" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 276px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFOYRVlY2I/AAAAAAAAAPw/NXzMpo0EyVs/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B31.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5328126408691725202" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 257px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFOvTRys5I/AAAAAAAAAP4/bhClZdXM-x0/s400/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B32.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#999999;"&gt;圖片：REUTERS/Hannibal Hanschke&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-1017497317614892589?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/1017497317614892589/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=1017497317614892589' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1017497317614892589'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1017497317614892589'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_1291.html' title='路透社實拍德國妓女'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SfFQASOGWaI/AAAAAAAAARw/uhgzXT_mN2o/s72-c/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%93%E5%A5%B317.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-3572489192771280044</id><published>2009-04-21T21:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-22T00:04:33.423-07:00</updated><title type='text'>一頁輕舟</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se7Bd3XduXI/AAAAAAAAANI/Ju8YtrAHDBc/s1600-h/%E6%B5%B7%E6%9D%83.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327408128048609650" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 281px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se7Bd3XduXI/AAAAAAAAANI/Ju8YtrAHDBc/s400/%E6%B5%B7%E6%9D%83.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;竹葉編的小船，總是容易側翻。孩提時代沒有解決這個技術問題。按照許倬雲先生的說法，中國正如一頁輕舟，沉浮於歷史的三峽。船之於中國，含義深刻。&lt;br /&gt;列強艦隊聚會青島，參加中國海軍盛大派對。我很想知道，他們進入中國領海的路線，是不是與晚清戰時痕跡重合。清國中興，以為海軍能抵禦外辱。今日宣揚海權和海軍，總有一種中興之感。馬漢經典《海權對歷史的影響》提出，海軍的存在主要是為了保護“商業”，即保護資本主義商品輸出。他還主張，發展殖民地和海上戰略據點。也就是說，海軍要將商品押送到銷售地。&lt;br /&gt;“我們曾經主權淪喪、有海無防，而今天，世界各國海軍雲集青島，為中國海軍生日慶典而來，這不能不說是一個重大的歷史轉變。”海軍副司令員丁一平對新華社軍事記者如是說。&lt;br /&gt;大典之前，關於中國造航母的消息鋪天蓋地。江南造船廠公開期盼造航母。“江南造船廠”，又是一個刺激中國國民神經的漢字組合。容易讓人聯想到馬尾之戰，還有甲午戰爭，以及穿越台海的美軍艦隊。&lt;br /&gt;但是，自衛，不是壮大海軍的理由，至少不夠充分。確保商路，這條理由得民心，也是西方容易理解的話語體系。打擊海盜之旅，凸顯的，就是這個含義。&lt;br /&gt;悲情只能淹沒中國海軍，而不是讓其更加剛強。因為，悲情很容易讓人聯想到復仇，以及晚清戰火的起源。這也是海軍紀念典禮傳遞的錯誤以及可怕的信號。&lt;br /&gt;所以，海軍的解決方案，應該是找到重心：我們為全球市場以及資本主義服務，而不是擴充力量抵制列國進入市場。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;附林行止專欄：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.hkej.com/template/dnews/jsp/detail.jsp?dnews_id=896&amp;amp;title_id=100251"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;太多富國強兵 世界難有寧日&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-3572489192771280044?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/3572489192771280044/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=3572489192771280044' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3572489192771280044'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3572489192771280044'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_21.html' title='一頁輕舟'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se7Bd3XduXI/AAAAAAAAANI/Ju8YtrAHDBc/s72-c/%E6%B5%B7%E6%9D%83.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-1551917898838253373</id><published>2009-04-20T18:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-20T18:27:30.583-07:00</updated><title type='text'>politifact.com是誰</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;普利策獎首個網路得主的歷史與結構&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se0g8MNlNSI/AAAAAAAAAMw/GJjhwn3rcwc/s1600-h/politifact_pulitzer.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326950152691594530" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 200px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se0g8MNlNSI/AAAAAAAAAMw/GJjhwn3rcwc/s400/politifact_pulitzer.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;這是傳媒史上劃時代事件。&lt;br /&gt;2009年普利策獎20日揭曉，&lt;a href="http://politifact.com/truth-o-meter/"&gt;St. Petersburg Times&lt;/a&gt;旗下網站politifact.com因2008年美國大選報導獲獎。今年首次允許互聯網新聞網站參與角逐。&lt;br /&gt;該網站於2007年8月啟動。大選期間，5名編輯記者以及來自St. Petersburg Times兄弟刊物Congressional Quarterly的研究人員和作家組成報導團隊。&lt;br /&gt;politifact.com日漸成熟，重點報導國會和白宮新聞，新近增加Obameter欄目，追蹤奧巴馬執政。&lt;br /&gt;St. Petersburg Times主編說該獎項“證明網路不是報紙的死刑判決。”&lt;br /&gt;評審團稱St. Petersburg Times“調查記者與互聯網檢驗750個政治立場（真偽）”。（“probing reporters and the power of the World Wide Web to examine more than 750 political claims, separating rhetoric from truth to enlighten voters.”）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;附件一、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="2009 Pulitzer Prizewinners and Nominated Finalists" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/node/7887"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;2009 Pulitzer Prizewinners and Nominated Finalists&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Announced at 3:00 p.m., Monday, April 20, 2009 at Columbia University&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.pulitzer.org/awards/2009"&gt;Click here&lt;/a&gt; for finalists, jurors, bios and photos of winners,&lt;br /&gt;winning photos and cartoons, and links to winning stories&lt;br /&gt;JOURNALISM:&lt;br /&gt;Public Service - Las Vegas Sun&lt;br /&gt;Breaking News Reporting - The New York Times Staff&lt;br /&gt;Investigative Reporting - David Barstow of The New York Times&lt;br /&gt;Explanatory Reporting - Bettina Boxall and Julie Cart of the Los Angeles Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Local Reporting –&lt;br /&gt;Detroit Free Press Staff and Ryan Gabrielson and Paul Giblin of the East Valley Tribune, Mesa, AZ&lt;br /&gt;National Reporting - St. Petersburg Times Staff&lt;br /&gt;International Reporting - The New York Times Staff&lt;br /&gt;Feature Writing - Lane DeGregory of the St. Petersburg Times&lt;br /&gt;Commentary - Eugene Robinson of The Washington Post&lt;br /&gt;Criticism - Holland Cotter of The New York Times&lt;br /&gt;Editorial Writing - Mark Mahoney of The Post-Star, Glens Falls, NY&lt;br /&gt;Editorial Cartooning - Steve Breen of The San Diego Union-Tribune&lt;br /&gt;Breaking News Photography - Patrick Farrell of The Miami Herald&lt;br /&gt;Feature Photography - Damon Winter of The New York Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LETTERS, DRAMA and MUSIC:&lt;br /&gt;Fiction - Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout (Random House)&lt;br /&gt;Drama - Ruined by Lynn Nottage&lt;br /&gt;History - The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family by Annette Gordon-Reed (W.W. Norton &amp;amp; Company)&lt;br /&gt;Biography - American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House by Jon Meacham (Random House)&lt;br /&gt;Poetry - The Shadow of Sirius by W.S. Merwin (Copper Canyon Press)&lt;br /&gt;General Nonfiction - Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II by Douglas A. Blackmon (Doubleday)&lt;br /&gt;Music - Double Sextet by Steve Reich, premiered March 26, 2008 in Richmond, VA (Boosey &amp;amp; Hawkes)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;附件二、Facts about PolitiFact&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Launched in August 2007 to fact-check the presidential campaign and then expanded in January 2009 to fact-check members of Congress and the White House. In January, we also launched the Obameter, a new feature tracking President Obama's campaign promises.&lt;br /&gt;Truth-O-Meter -- Checks the accuracy of statements by candidates, elected officials, political parties, interest groups, pundits, talk show hosts. PolitiFact writers research the statements and rate them on the Truth-O-Meter.&lt;br /&gt;Six ratings on Truth-O-Meter - True, Mostly True, Half True, Barely True, False and Pants on Fire&lt;br /&gt;Every official, group and pundit rated by PolitiFact is building a record of statistics on their own page that shows how many True, False, etc. ratings they have earned. It also shows the ratings on any statements made against them. (For example, here are pages for: &lt;a title="Barack Obama" href="http://politifact.com/truth-o-meter/personalities/barack-obama/" target="_blank"&gt;Barack Obama&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="John McCain" href="http://politifact.com/truth-o-meter/personalities/john-mccain/" target="_blank"&gt;John McCain&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="John Boehner" href="http://politifact.com/truth-o-meter/personalities/john-boehner/" target="_blank"&gt;John Boehner&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a title="Nancy Pelosi" href="http://politifact.com/truth-o-meter/personalities/nancy-pelosi/" target="_blank"&gt;Nancy Pelosi&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;Flip-O-Meter -- Rates when candidates or elected officials have flip-flopped on an issue (No Flip, Half Flip, Full Flop).&lt;br /&gt;Obameter -- Tracks 514 promises made by Barack Obama during the campaign, compiled from position papers, campaign Web sites, debate transcripts, speeches and interviews.&lt;br /&gt;Promises are rated as No Action, In the Works, Stalled, Promise Kept, Compromise, and Promise Broken.&lt;br /&gt;Each time a promise is updated, we publish an article explaining the latest development and the reason for our rating&lt;br /&gt;A Top 25 list shows the progress on Obama's most significant promises&lt;br /&gt;Truth-O-Meter items&lt;br /&gt;865 published since August 2007 (89 of those since the January re-launch)&lt;br /&gt;Breakdown of ratings&lt;br /&gt;26% True&lt;br /&gt;17% Mostly True&lt;br /&gt;18% Half True&lt;br /&gt;13% Barely True&lt;br /&gt;19% False&lt;br /&gt;6% Pants on Fire&lt;br /&gt;Truth-O-Meter ratings are also tracked by subject. The subjects with the most ratings: Taxes (89), Economy (70), Iraq (63).&lt;br /&gt;We just published a special page to mark Obama's First 100 Days, with new charts tracking the Top 25 promises and Truth-O-Meter ratings on the Obama White House.&lt;br /&gt;PolitiFact items are written by reporters for the St. Petersburg Times, with several working full-time for PolitiFact. During the campaign, writers from Congressional Quarterly also contributed.&lt;br /&gt;All Truth-O-Meter, Flip-O-Meter and Obameter items are published on the PolitiFact Web site. Many also appear in the newsprint edition of the St. Petersburg Times. We also send a twice-weekly e-mail to 7,000 subscribers, we have custom RSS feeds and a Twitter feed.&lt;br /&gt;State and local PolitiFact items -- St. Petersburg Times reporters have done more than two-dozen Truth-O-Meter ratings on state and local officials in Florida.&lt;br /&gt;Other Awards - A National Press Foundation award for online journalism, a Knight Batten Award for Innovation in Journalism, a Digital Edge Award for Best Overall News Site from the Newspaper Association of America and first place for Online Political Reporting in the Green Eyeshade Awards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Expansion plans -- This summer, we plan to expand our coverage of pundits and talk show hosts and our state and local fact-checking.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-1551917898838253373?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/1551917898838253373/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=1551917898838253373' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1551917898838253373'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1551917898838253373'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/politifactcom.html' title='politifact.com是誰'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Se0g8MNlNSI/AAAAAAAAAMw/GJjhwn3rcwc/s72-c/politifact_pulitzer.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-6732291465426980521</id><published>2009-04-19T19:00:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-19T19:05:06.096-07:00</updated><title type='text'>別管成龍，心存自由就好</title><content type='html'>香港《信報》今天刊登余錦賢文章《&lt;a href="http://www.hkej.com/template/dnews/jsp/detail.jsp?dnews_id=894&amp;amp;title_id=99801"&gt;成龍又出洋相&lt;/a&gt;》。新加坡《聯合早報》報導“成龍‘中國人需要被管’論調引起港臺輿論反彈”。&lt;br /&gt;《信報》社論與此無關，《&lt;a href="http://www.hkej.com/template/dnews/jsp/detail.jsp?dnews_id=894&amp;amp;title_id=99823"&gt;管治分權清晰 切勿混淆視聽&lt;/a&gt;》，由頭是“最近一篇由中聯辦研究部部長曹二寶撰寫的文章，再次引起了有關香港高度自治以及本地的管治問題”。&lt;br /&gt;林行止專欄寫的是《&lt;a href="http://www.hkej.com/template/dnews/jsp/detail.jsp?dnews_id=894&amp;amp;title_id=99765"&gt;中國崛起勢難改 美國衰落未有期&lt;/a&gt;》。&lt;br /&gt;以《信報》為樣本，可以讀出成龍言辭的大背景：第一，香港自治權的爭辯。第二，中國崛起的全球視野。&lt;br /&gt;成龍是以中國電影家協會副主席身份出席博鰲論壇，所言其實有電影這個小背景。他應該是說，電影還是需要管一管，不然會像香港和臺灣一樣混亂。然後，輿論放大到政治層面。何況此時是中國敏感時期，今年也是中國最敏感年份。&lt;br /&gt;曾志偉期間在金像獎後臺閱讀有關成龍的報導後說：“現在好懷念陳自強年代，以前成龍所有事都靠他過濾。大家都知道成龍是很不懂講說話的人，完全是表達能力有問題。其實看完報導都明白他想講什麼，他是想以小時候來比較，現在的小朋友太自由，不像他在七小福時，有師父嚴厲管教，之後出來才這麼好。成龍是講小朋友，但他不可以放到香港人及臺灣人身上，所以是他表達方面有問題。”&lt;br /&gt;成龍說過什麼，倒沒什麼要緊。要緊的是，成龍這句話，引發的兩岸三地，包括海外風暴。這說明，中國人還是不喜歡被管的。如果成龍說中國人應該被管，華人都諾諾稱是，那就完蛋了。&lt;br /&gt;記得去年金馬獎頒獎，李安因《色·戒》哽咽。近日陸川在《南京！南京！》首映禮上哭泣。兩岸電影人的悲情，被成龍這麼一攪，就成了兩岸的悲情。而輿論和民眾的悲情，還有憤怒。這種悲憤，是對不自由，是對管的悲憤。&lt;br /&gt;大陸輿論悲憤，臺灣悲憤，香港也悲憤。這才對得住歷史。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-6732291465426980521?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/6732291465426980521/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=6732291465426980521' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/6732291465426980521'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/6732291465426980521'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_19.html' title='別管成龍，心存自由就好'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8230328853334465173</id><published>2009-04-16T21:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-16T21:13:08.283-07:00</updated><title type='text'>朝鮮破例公開國防委員全員面容</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;朝鮮日報記者 安勇炫 (2009.04.17 08:27)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;記者16日獲悉，朝鮮《勞動新聞》和內閣機關報《民主朝鮮》刊登了朝鮮最高權力機構——國防委員會12名成員的面容。朝鮮媒體公開在最高人民會議中選出的國防委新成員面容，這尚屬首次。之前，朝鮮只是公開了國防委員會委員長和副委員長的面容。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sef_yGAYTWI/AAAAAAAAAMY/Kf3aQdfa8OY/s1600-h/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F200904170000042in_1.jpg"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325506320459648354" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 115px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sef_yGAYTWI/AAAAAAAAAMY/Kf3aQdfa8OY/s400/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F200904170000042in_1.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SegANm7qupI/AAAAAAAAAMg/AWn8PUvMnrM/s1600-h/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F200904170000043in_2.jpg"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325506793154722450" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 116px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SegANm7qupI/AAAAAAAAAMg/AWn8PUvMnrM/s400/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F200904170000043in_2.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt; 左起為，人民軍總政治局長趙明錄（第一副委員長）、人民武力部長金永春（新任副委員長）、人民軍次帥李用茂（副委員長）、勞動党作戰部長吳克列（新任副委員長）、人民保安相朱相成(新任委員)、保衛部副部長禹東測（音，新任委員）、軍需工業部第一副部長朱奎昌(音，新任委員)、總政治局第一副局長金正閣（音，新任委員）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8230328853334465173?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/8230328853334465173/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=8230328853334465173' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8230328853334465173'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8230328853334465173'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_3354.html' title='朝鮮破例公開國防委員全員面容'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sef_yGAYTWI/AAAAAAAAAMY/Kf3aQdfa8OY/s72-c/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F200904170000042in_1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-1915632188716472469</id><published>2009-04-16T01:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-16T01:49:21.600-07:00</updated><title type='text'>枕雨書</title><content type='html'>李海洲&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;1：&lt;/span&gt;它如此稠密，狀若遊絲&lt;br /&gt;借夜讀的時光漫上我枕邊的河山。&lt;br /&gt;三宮六院雨中列隊，古籍雜黃，&lt;br /&gt;歡娛的人是道德各異的人。&lt;br /&gt;李海洲、或者何房子，電話裏小聲爭吵&lt;br /&gt;下一站：是天堂，還是沙坪壩？&lt;br /&gt;是沽酒相邀，還是夜抱美人歸？&lt;br /&gt;而雨在掀動花枝，在隔窗喚我&lt;br /&gt;它落入幽燕，落到轉世的青年懷中……&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我聽見碎花不語，斷了衷腸&lt;br /&gt;我聽見多少朋友，雨披蓋臉，寂寞中沖出了龍王廟&lt;br /&gt;是啊，多少青春一夜枯萎？&lt;br /&gt;它要收走你的黑髮，收走那杯酒言歡的青年。&lt;br /&gt;今夜，我推衣起床，讓花落滿肩&lt;br /&gt;今夜，祖國在漲水，而水漫金山&lt;br /&gt;漫過蟋蟀潮濕的墳頭&lt;br /&gt;它們和我一樣，從天上來，要葬到地底去。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;2：&lt;/span&gt;李易安在舉行葬禮，這小小的花妖&lt;br /&gt;內心佈滿的瘋子比我還多。&lt;br /&gt;隔壁的房間，焦慮的鳥雀向隅而泣&lt;br /&gt;她看見幽暗的籠子外&lt;br /&gt;散落著異鄉的槐花、小夜曲&lt;br /&gt;她夢見哭醒的伴侶。&lt;br /&gt;而我總是想起多年前&lt;br /&gt;某個潮濕的雨夜，紅酒是一滴春色&lt;br /&gt;那人要和往事相依為命&lt;br /&gt;她散落的黑披肩沉過重慶的外灘&lt;br /&gt;我們飲醇自醉，或者夜雨對床&lt;br /&gt;想要在熄滅的月亮裏&lt;br /&gt;用白色的鋸齒草占卦、編織毛衣。&lt;br /&gt;我們啊，兩隻憂傷的籠子&lt;br /&gt;在連綿的雨水裏打開了夢，關閉了身體。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;只有一把裹著白綢緞的小提琴&lt;br /&gt;許多年後，仍從我體外傳來暗啞的咳嗽……&lt;br /&gt;是啊，往事堆積著雨水&lt;br /&gt;往事是一些葬禮&lt;br /&gt;它充滿巫術，也充滿生活妥協的瘴氣。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;而青春的素車白馬，就要脫韁遠馳&lt;br /&gt;而夜雨西來，兩個沿著酒器滑行的人&lt;br /&gt;沿著語速懶散的鐵軌，慢慢把天走黑&lt;br /&gt;他們終於把一生的霞光走成外灘邊的夕陽。&lt;br /&gt;是時，雨水爬上公路&lt;br /&gt;死在一段陰霾的絲瓜架下。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;3：&lt;/span&gt;名字裏水太多的人&lt;br /&gt;是水性揚花，還是順水推舟？&lt;br /&gt;枕著一窗的長江，我懷念我的小橋流水&lt;br /&gt;她仍然是舊時飲馬出川的模樣。&lt;br /&gt;我想起兩江水暖，搖擼東去的隱者嘴含草藥&lt;br /&gt;在藿香裏成為餘恨。&lt;br /&gt;那都是一些從名字的偏旁裏&lt;br /&gt;抽身離開的人&lt;br /&gt;可能是自顧不瑕的禍水，連綿不斷&lt;br /&gt;從海流到洲，從青絲流到白髮。&lt;br /&gt;今夜，花事凋零&lt;br /&gt;花事在聲色中石沉大海&lt;br /&gt;我是否該起身，去續上那闋未完成的詞？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;是的，明天的雨可以落在今天&lt;br /&gt;離開的人可以提前回來&lt;br /&gt;春天送給我們的，春天會把她取走。&lt;br /&gt;你看，時光中多少回望的眼神，遙遠的夢&lt;br /&gt;像一道無法猜測的天機&lt;br /&gt;消逝在抬頭也避不開的花束中。&lt;br /&gt;那個奇怪的人，名字裏都是波濤的偏旁&lt;br /&gt;他是否等於一個大西洋？&lt;br /&gt;而我的隱者，我藏在書卷中的道貌岸然&lt;br /&gt;要怎樣才能回到悔恨的廟宇。&lt;br /&gt;今夜，雨水流過沙坪壩，一直流到大海上&lt;br /&gt;往事和一切被淹死了三次。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;4：&lt;/span&gt;在春夏之交，野花雜黃，長出我的頭頂。&lt;br /&gt;長出我隨口朗誦的詩句。&lt;br /&gt;這是滿樓紅袖招的春衫薄&lt;br /&gt;這是雨水後你留下體溫的紅酥手&lt;br /&gt;輕裘肥馬，那去往最遠海岸線的人&lt;br /&gt;一日三秋地灰心，在揚琴聲裏騎著木馬。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我要留一些短詩給你&lt;br /&gt;生命的樓道很長，他們是你行程中的燈盞&lt;br /&gt;當你想起這些詩&lt;br /&gt;大雨初歇，我就在你身邊。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我要送一隻老虎給你&lt;br /&gt;埋進你的身體。當你的胸口隱隱作痛&lt;br /&gt;那就是老虎在咆哮&lt;br /&gt;你不要放出它。你要關住你的乳房&lt;br /&gt;然後寫詩，並且在雨天的深夜寄給我。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2009年 4月6——10日。15日修訂于重慶的雨夜。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-1915632188716472469?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/1915632188716472469/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=1915632188716472469' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1915632188716472469'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1915632188716472469'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_16.html' title='枕雨書'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-5025458206824032454</id><published>2009-04-15T21:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-15T23:57:18.554-07:00</updated><title type='text'>天則雙周論壇377盧躍剛講稿：中國革命與中國改革</title><content type='html'>&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325159298098691906" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 300px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SebEKu-Kf0I/AAAAAAAAAMQ/_pdA05TqqS0/s400/%E5%8D%A2%E8%B7%83%E5%88%9A.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;很長時間沒到天則所官方網站轉悠了。猛地看到盧躍剛。他是第377次雙周論壇（2009年1月16日）主講人。評議人是韓鋼 王海光、秋風、盛洪、茅於軾。張曙光還說盧氏天則所“理事、創辦人之一”。&lt;br /&gt;盧躍剛上場說：“天則所十五年了，這是我第三次來講，一次講一個專題。第一次講的是華東水災以後三峽問題，中國治水問題。後來張老師還就我的一篇文章《辛未水患》寫了一篇長篇的評論，這篇評論被汪丁丁說是張老師書評裏面寫得最好的一篇，叫《中國治水的政治經濟學》。後來我研究南沙問題，準備寫一部書，寫了十幾萬字就停止了，我想圍繞地緣政治問題來研究中國後冷戰時期的戰略地位。這部書我沒寫完，被陝西一場官司給沖掉了。所以我講過一次南沙問題。這是第三次來，講改革問題。” 以下是講話全文：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;本來我也有一個題目，但是我去四川出差，沖掉了，沒講成。其實我要講的就是這個題目，結合自己對黨史的閱讀和對當代史的閱讀來講革命與改革的關係。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;剛才講到有很多說法，其中我覺得比較集中的有一些說法，關於中國當代歷史的評價和未來的可能性：甘陽前不久在三聯出了本小書叫《通三統》，他認為要用孔子加毛澤東加鄧小平構造出一個中國未來的道統體系，當然他的整個知識結構比較複雜，他從早期的80年代的啟蒙參與者之一，轉變到現在，轉變幅度挺大的，應該說是本質轉變。他的言論很有代表性。這個言論，不僅設計了中國未來的道統格局，而且涉及了對中國歷史的總體判斷。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;還有前不久李零也發表了很長的文章《讀&lt;動物農場&gt;》，一篇大文章切成三篇發表在《讀書》上。他的文章是用口號結尾的：第一個口號是“中國革命的案不能翻”，第二個口號其實是模仿毛澤東天安門廣場“人民英雄紀念碑”題詞的口號：“一百年來，所有為中國革命捐軀的烈士（從秋瑾到江姐）永垂不朽”。關於這些口號，有一些他比較熟的學者跟他討論，大概有點失語，因為學者，一個嚴謹的學者，喊政治口號，什麼意思？很突兀。很失身份。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;另外像楊帆，提出要把西方民主和“毛澤東的民主”結合起來，是未來中國民主的方向。他說毛是中國老百姓的教主，是要尊重老百姓的教主選擇。這是楊帆在前不久的一個對話中明確提出來的。當然，老百姓是不是真信這個教主，他本人從未做過統計，老百姓認不認這個帳，沒有統計學意義。作為一個有一定影響力的經濟學家，他認為毛是老百姓的教主，所以大家應該尊重毛，因為老百姓尊重毛。這種發言的方式，像不像天橋把式？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;還有海外的年輕學者對整個“毛澤東時代”充滿了讚賞，說毛澤東時代有意義地建設性地塑造了“社會主義‘新人’”。他認為很多改革前時期很多矛盾、問題，以及大失誤、大災難，甚至人間慘劇，是熊彼特式的“創造性破壞”。甘陽也有此論。更離譜的是，這位年輕學者很輕浮地說，要對過去的歷史採取“積極遺忘”的態度！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;這都是一些非常有名的國內外學者，代表著一些人對歷史，對現狀，對未來的判斷或期待。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;這些問題說一千，道一萬，都有一個對革命對改革怎麼評價的問題，都在試圖回答：改革是怎麼來的？改革可能往哪里去？首先要回答“改革到底是什麼”？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1987年我去溫州，去調查“溫州現象”。1987年發生過兩次大討論，都是關於中國改革到底是姓“社”還是姓“資”討論。一次發生在浙江溫州，一次發生在遼寧本溪。本溪關廣梅租賃承包，引發了姓“資”還是姓“社”的大討論。追溯起來，這個問題的討論不是從1987年開始的，實際上是從上個世紀五十年代集體化以後圍繞中國的道路，中國現代化的路徑，甚至圍繞著政治本身的一場黨內黨外的持續很久的大討論，大鬥爭。演變到改革時期成了“改革怎麼走？”“改革怎麼看？”“改革政策怎麼選擇？”貫穿改革始終的大討論。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我們去溫州的時候，討論很激烈。在本溪的姓“資”姓“社”討論基本上是造假，根據我的調查，是獨家調查，是《經濟日報》的一場新聞造假。關廣梅租賃姓“資”姓“社”的討論，實際上是媒體根據當時政治氣候製造出來的一場全國性的持續了很長時間的大討論。關廣梅給《經濟日報》的信是造假，是經濟日報記者和本溪市委政策研究室的筆桿子們寫的。他們也認賬。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;姓“資”姓“社”的討論在溫州有真刀真槍的感覺。我們去溫州，第一步沒有去現場採訪，我在溫州市的檔案館裏頭蹲了一個禮拜，看了它三十年的檔案。那些檔案看完，你只能有一個結論：中國這場改革絕不是一場自上而下的，有目標的，有方法的，執政黨主動的改革。這場改革所涉及的內容，或者說所取得的某些成功，是自集體化以來每一個普通農民為了吃飽肚子的基本要求，這個要求是被強權壓制、壓抑，甚至鎮壓，農民付出了數千萬人的生命代價的集體要求，肚子要求，“改革”只不過是對這數千萬白骨之上的數億農民要吃飽肚子要求的不得不做出的妥協罷了。那個時候，在70年代末開始的一直到80年代的所有的農村改革，分田單幹，包產到戶，合作，合股，民間融資，50年代集體化後都出現過，只不過都被作為反黨、反社會主義而剿滅了罷了。也就是說我們80年代的所有改革的基本形態，50年代開始到今天幾十年不絕如縷。廣東一個農民跟省農委主任講，毛澤東是兩個不讓，一是不讓吃飽，二是不讓說話。吃飽的要求，說話的要求，改革開放以來的一系列中央文件，都是執政黨不得不回應數億人的基本的生存發展——吃飽要求的妥協。不過是以前不准吃飽，現在可以吃飽了。把勒著農民脖子的繩索放鬆了一點兒罷了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;中國改革，是個大倒退的過程，不是大前進的過程。相對於社會生產力而言它是解放的，是前進的，相對於社會形態的一個縱向時間邏輯而言，是倒退的。它是退的過程，是大逆轉的過程，是不得不妥協的過程，而絕不是一個總設計師加上總工程師，和一個自覺的執政黨，為了一個更崇高的目標或者遵循某些基本價值做出的一個國家的幾億的到十幾億人的改革。而且退得還不夠。我認為，這才是改革的真相。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1987年當時我們就發現了這一點。當時新聞媒體跟學界有呼應，就是進行社會啟蒙。八十年代新聞媒體人的構成大致是四部分人：老報人，老大學生，社會三教九流，應屆大學生，大多數是文革的過來人。本人就屬於三教九流，進報社時也沒有學歷。我在中青報經濟部，主任是任建新的女兒任紅，她是海澱區剃頭出身，沒學歷。我們的同事中有北京清潔隊掃大街的，北京景泰藍廠的工人。現任總編輯是門頭溝的“煤黑子”。他們絕大部分是自學成才。他們有豐富的社會經驗。他們根據經驗，根據樸素的感情和常識，根據對中國社會的基本瞭解，自動承擔了所謂的“社會使命”，80年代而言，就是鼓吹改革，支持改革，進行社會變革啟蒙。他們認為，改革本身自有價值，改革具有社會進步的象徵意義，社會進步好的方面都在改革的旗幟全部打包，全部集合。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;但是進入80年代中期以後，回頭看中國的改革路徑和與中國歷史的關係，我們會發現事情沒那麼簡單。我們發現，改革本身並沒有給改革提供全部的合法性。這是在80年代，1987、1988年，我們在內部已經有討論了。無論是改革政策，或者已經取得的改革成果，不是執政黨創造的，也不是知識份子創造的，而是每一個普通農民的生活所迫的創造，這些生存與發展的要求只不過是被政策化了，只不過被承認了。承認什麼呢？承認我讓你餓肚子是不對的，承認壓制你想辦法解決餓肚子的問題是不對的，所以才有了所謂的改革。道理就這麼簡單。而且，我們發現，中國改革是新潮舊軌，仍然沒有擺脫政治運動的慣性，改革的方法仍然是我們所熟悉的搞運動那一套，樹典型，黑白分明，大轟大嗡。實際上從改革的內容到方法，80年代後期已經有了全面的反省，與此同時，一些比較自覺的記者和編輯開始徹底拋棄宣傳的形象和調子，進行專業化轉型，就是由主動的啟蒙者和改革使命擔當者回歸到新聞本體的專業化轉型。當然並不徹底，由於六四停止了，90年代中期重新開始。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我們再往前走，發現包產到戶在中國到目前為止，或者說中國改革說得最響亮最成功的農村改革這一塊，是一個半拉子，如同中國革命，農村改革也是一鍋夾生飯。為什麼呢？我們從九十年代興起的大規模的“圈地運動”可以看到農村改革的性質和它的後果。因為圈地運動看起來好像是加速城市化，加速城鎮化，但是在圈地的這個過程中，你會發現農民這個利益主體談判能力極弱，往往處於一種極端的劣勢，其土地利益訴求只有象徵性的意義。而另外一方——國家加上開發商卻極其強大。大規模的圈地運動一直持續到了今天。我把它稱作1949年以來“第二輪原始積累時期”。第一輪我把它界界定在統購統銷70年代末。有統計，到1982或1983年，全民所有制企業固定資產的總額，與從農民那裏壓榨來的剪刀差總值相等，大概是六千億。這是一個很嚇人的屍骨累累的數字。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;統購統銷以後對農民肚子的定量是三百多斤，只能半飽，叫做“半飽經濟”。這是怎麼算的呢？姚依林1949——1966年曾經擔任過商業部、中共中央財貿部、國務院財貿辦公室領導。大饑荒的時候，他向各地調過糧。最近再版了《姚依林百夕談》。《百夕談》是一本非常重要的書。他講到六十年代跟江浙的農民算過一筆賬：一個農民的糧食應該在七百多斤，這是毛糧。七百多斤要餵牲口，並且吃飽肚子，糧食應該在七百一十多斤。但是50年代開始，核定的糧食只有三百多斤，連人帶牲口只能吃三百多斤。這還是在正常年景，糧食到位，政策兌現的情況下。實際上，相當多數的地方三百多斤都吃不到。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;（張曙光：毛澤東有一句很有名的話：“以不餓死人為原則”。）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;他就按這個原則來核定數億農民的基本口糧。牲口不算，牲口應該從糧食裏面單出來，因為沒法核定牲口，只能按照人頭來算。人頭核算簡單。當時的基本標準，就是不餓死人。這只是主觀願望。實際上他連自己承諾的這個最低底線也沒有信守。從統購統銷開始，就有大規模餓死人的記載，一直到70年代中期我當知青插隊的時候還有餓死人現象引發了當地農民武裝反抗共產黨的的現象。在此之前，王海光教授研究的中共建政初期征糧，就有征糧過多引發了當地農民武裝反抗共產黨的問題。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;話再說回來。我們發現中國現代化之所以發生第二輪的原始積累和大規模的圈地運動跟剛才我們說到的農民沒有談判能力有關。2004年，國家信訪局局長說上訪案件達一千萬起，上訪人數每年超過五十萬人次。這只是根據信訪部門的統計，其實各級黨、政、人大、政協、工、團、婦、民主黨派及其各級領導，以及各級各類新聞媒體，都是上訪者的物件，去這些地方上訪人次、件次應該數倍於信訪部門，所以最保守地估計，上訪人次和上訪案件，真實的數字似應是國家信訪局公佈數字的兩到三倍，也就是說，每年大約有一百萬到一百五十萬人次上訪，兩千萬到三千萬起上訪案件。十多年來，我一個人就受理過上千人次的上訪案件，有寄信的，來找談話的，報導的和沒有報導的。而且可以肯定地說，上訪人數和案件呈逐年上升趨勢。根據研究，上訪案件80%以上是農民上訪，農民上訪案件中，絕大多數是土地問題，農民失地問題。伴隨著“西部水利大躍進”、城鎮化建設，這場圈地運動還遠沒結束。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你會發現，改革開放以後無論是比較成功的包產到戶，還是到後來才出現的大規模的直到今天還沒有遏制住的圈地運動，農民沒有談判地位，都跟早期的“集體化”土地制度有關，否則不會這樣。那麼就要回答一個問題，當時是怎樣的？我們的教科書，過去我們讀的也罷，到今天的中學、大學讀的也罷，都把中國革命稱作“土地革命”，內戰稱之為“土地革命戰爭”，第三次也好，第二次也好，第一次也好。官史論述的框架，中國革命的性質就是這樣的性質，革命者剝奪地主土地，消滅地主剝削階級，土地平均分給貧苦農民，實現“耕者有其田”。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;從井岡山一路下來，打土豪、分田地，1947年中共根據地土改，一直到中共建政土改。關於土改的動因研究，土改方式——暴力土改、和平土改的研究，黨史界有爭論，有的說土改是中共為了“戰爭動員”，有的說不是這樣，是多動機的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;但是不管什麼樣的動機，當時革命的目標是剝奪地主、富農的所有產權，平均分配給廣大的貧困農民，把集中的私有化變成分散的私有化，這是革命的目標。當然土地私有程度各地情況不同，比如廣東，村社公田還是挺多的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我們也非常遺憾地看到，全國的土地改革並沒有全部完成，中共就宣佈了“過渡時期總路線”，準備實行合作化。“合作化”就是土地集體化，不管怎麼打扮，什麼說辭，集體化就是公有化，從最終的支配權和結果而言，從基本國體而言，集體化甚至公有化都不是，而是官有化，寡頭化，少數人化。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;從土地私有化到“集體化”的“變”是理解當代史和中國革命性質的要害關節，甚至是理解整個二十世紀共產主義運動的要害關節。第一，變的是什麼？第二，為什麼會變？第一個問題好回答，變私有為官有。第二個問題不好回答，是一個大學問。但是從現代法律的角度看，變的性質好界定。把土地化私為官，把土地從農民手裏搶回來，不是你政府和執政黨在違法？你號稱“土地革命戰爭”，動員農民幫你打仗，許諾奪取政權後“耕者有其田”，為了兌現承諾，像模像樣地制定了法律，把土地從地主手裏搶過來分給貧苦農民。可是，《土地法》的油墨還沒幹，有些地方還沒插上地樁，有些地方地樁子沒捂熱就要拔起來了。這個行為是違法的，違反了你執政黨自己制定的《土地法》。做人而言，違反了社會倫理；政治組織而言，違反了政治倫理。違法也罷，悖理也罷，從倫理的角度看，就是失諾或踐踏承諾，沒有起碼的誠信，失信於天下。農民為你們打江山，貢獻了子弟，貢獻了小米，貢獻了獨輪車，貢獻了數百萬生命，圖什麼？圖的就是你承諾的以及農民理解的“三畝地，一頭牛，老婆孩子熱炕頭。”有部電影叫《車輪滾滾》，講“解放戰爭”炮火連天，農民如何推著獨輪車支援前線，給人印象，中共的江山是“獨輪車推出來的”。怎麼臉會變得那麼快？而且沒有絲毫心理障礙？把地給搶走？注意，我用的是“搶”字。一些史學家，包括境外的史學家在研究中國農村集體化問題的時候，說農民至少是一部分願意集體化。這是胡扯！這個道理多麼簡單，問你願不願意？“土地”這只煮熟的鴨子生從口裏被搶走了。鞋大鞋小，我自己的腳知道。餓不餓肚子，我自己的肚子知道。不需要征得你的同意，就把你的財產化私為官，將心比心，你同意？你說集體化好，當初向國民黨奪權的時候咋不說？當然我這裏並不是說暴力搶奪和殺戮地主就是合理的。這涉及到土改的方法，暴力土改和和平土改，優劣有爭論。這是另外一個問題。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;還有第三點，就是土改實際結果。有一個觀察角度：誰是土改的受益者？歷史證明，農民肯定不是受益者，農民頂多是革命者奪權和掌權的墊腳石。講到這裏你會發現，有一撥人既是革命者，又是革命的受益者，這撥人總體上是當時社會的邊緣知識份子和其他邊緣人群，從結果來看，他們利用了農民的土地要求，特別是貧苦農民的土地要求。否則不會變得那麼快，也不會變得那麼毫無忌憚。農民土地性質被執政黨強迫轉變造成的後果，誰都明白是怎麼回事。中國是個農民的國家，從毛澤東到普通官員，心裏一本明白賬。大躍進問題出來餓死人以後，從軍隊到地方的反應是很強烈的。我在香港中文大學讀了全套新華社《內參》，其中有記載。中國的軍隊是農民的軍隊，是農民子弟。他們瞭解情況，搞不好會嘩變，林彪寫信警惕，然後壓制。因為有大量的軍屬餓死。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“耕者有其田”的革命目標，從演變至今的歷史結果來看，從中國土地革命的結果看，不像是革命黨聲言、承諾的社會變革目標和價值的體現，依我看，更像是一套圍繞著實現革命党短期功利目標的政策、策略，一套圍繞著少數革命者奪權和掌權進行社會動員的一套政策、策略，而且動員過程——暴力土改非常慘烈。我在研究土改的時候採訪了一些八九十歲的老人，是當時領導中國土改和直接參與土改的一批人。他們給我講了很多故事。暴力土改的暴虐的程度是難以置信的。有人說，中國發生過兩次土改，一個是中共建政初期的土改，一個是現在準備實施的土地使用權流轉。他們把土地使用權流轉稱為第二次土改，是錯的。什麼兩次？從局部到全國，加上中共革命根據地土改，還有國民黨土改，多少次了？1949年以來，至少還要包括包產到戶這一次，包產到戶和土地使用權流轉的土地權利歸還都是有限的，還不能解決問題。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;當時的土地用暴力土改的形式，上從歷史的角度來看，存在著很大的問題。當然這個過程中政策是怎麼制定的，怎麼實施的，誰在這個過程中扮演著什麼樣的角色，和有什麼樣的動機，在黨史界都是挺大的一個問題。前段時間楊奎松也寫過很長的文章了，來講述1947年以來解放區土改的情況，比如是暴力土改還是有和平土改傾向，毛的態度，劉的態度，誰左誰右等一系列問題。楊奎松先生是我非常尊重的歷史學家。但是關於土改中毛澤東的態度，他的論證有點掉書袋子，遵循著一個掐頭去尾的邏輯。毛是一個言行不一、極端功利的人，他不會按照原則來設置因果關係，在他那裏，因果關係是可以按照他的政治需要隨機更替的，而且總體上是左的，甚至可以說總體上是極左的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;中共土改，總體而言，無論是早期比較溫和的或者有和平土改傾向的是陝甘邊區的土改，但是時間很短。1947年“五四指示”後，中共就絕了和平土改的念頭。因為革命形勢發生了變化。即使廣東早期土改一度被稱作“和平土改”而翻了燒餅，細考察，基本上也是暴力土改，只是暴力的程度遜於北方暴力土改。暴力土改，那樣的搶奪和殺戮，只能用“血雨腥風”來概括。殺人的方法極其慘烈。有一個很著名的黨史專家就說，這些都沒法寫出來，寫出來就會很大地動搖革命本身。動搖革命？這還光是講土改，還不講後來集體化的暴力，人民公社的暴力。早期土改戰爭動員的傾向是很明顯的，建政以後的土改比如廣東和平土改和翻燒餅，那是經典的政治動員。廣東土改說是和平土改，其實土改的手段已經不和平了。根據現在已經知道的檔案來看，所謂溫和都是有限度的，都沒有改變暴力土改的性質。只不過由於南方地方黨組織跟紳士之間有千絲萬縷的關係，下不了手。昨天還幫我搶救傷患，給我槍，給我子彈，今天我反倒是把他給斃了。這違反倫理，違反人情。還有華僑，華僑是全世界最艱苦的人，幾乎就不是人。寄回家一點錢，來養老的錢，置辦點家產，全部沒收，一直到80年代末還沒落實退賠完。故事是大量的。這是另外一個話題。當然這個話題也能在一個側面界定中國革命的某些性質。一個革命黨為了奪取政權給數億人一個承諾，在取得政權沒有兌現這個承諾（為此還制定了法律）的情況下，又通過違法來違反和踐踏承諾，這種情況在人類歷史上是極罕見的。這種情況不能說明中國革命的性質？我們還不要說再往後發生了什麼事情了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;按照這個邏輯理下來，我們來講革命的第二個目標。中國共產革命的目標，起碼是廣泛宣傳、深入人心的目標，大概有這麼兩個，一個是在經濟上廣泛的私有化，土地的廣泛私有化，就是“耕者有其田”；第二個目標是反對、結束國民黨一黨專政，一黨獨裁，在中國實現民主、自由、人權。1945年也好，1946年也好，《論聯合政府》也好，《新民主主義論》也好，講的很明白，實行民主共和、多党執政的治國綱領。如同土地私有化承諾一樣，中共在很短的時間裏就變了，甚至變得更快。根據已經披露的檔案，1947年內戰還在炮火連天，毛澤東就給史達林密電，要求中共取得政權後，踢開民主黨派，實行中共一黨統治。為什麼會變？前不久，出版了於光遠著述、韓鋼詮注的《“新民主主義社會論”的歷史命運》，就是探索這個變的過程。我看到，這套統一戰線，治國綱領，跟民主黨派有非常深入的交流、合作，並形成了共識，或者叫建國共識。這邊喊著反專制、反獨裁奪權，那邊發密電向史達林請示：奪權後我要一黨獨裁！這是什麼意思？更有趣的是，史達林這個大獨裁者複電制止了毛澤東的想法，所以才有了《共同綱領》，才有了短暫的多黨合作蜜月。也正是因為史達林這個大獨裁者的命令，處於國際政治形象的考慮，才有了“五四憲法”。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;如果說土地廣泛的私有化是對數億農民的策略性反應，那麼“民主、自由、人權”這些口號、主張又是對誰的呢？應該是對知識份子對民主黨派的，目的在於“統一戰線”。抗戰時期、內戰時期，知識份子同情共產革命，小知識份子潮水般湧進延安，湧進中共割據的各根據地，為什麼？共產黨要民主，要自由，要人權，反對一黨專政，反對國民黨腐敗，讓人民看到中國未來的希望。這是很多革命老人“兩頭真”的原因之一。他們為追求民主，追求自由而加入共產黨，不真？為什麼中國今天有憲法而無憲政？六十年前對中國人民承諾的“民主、自由、人權”憲政目標沒有兌現嘛。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;這個意義上講，改革是什麼？改革是在還賬，是在兌現承諾。做了錯事，犯下罪孽，是要懺悔的，是要自我救贖的。在這個基礎上重建社會信用，真正實現中國社會的和解、和諧。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;後果還不嚴重麼？土地被剝奪以後，實行集體化，實際上是把農民由一個自由的擁有土地私有產權的自耕農變成了農奴。唐德剛說，包產到戶改革是“開阡陌，廢井田”，有道理，井田制就是奴隸制。比較起來，人民公社制還不如井田制。井田制中還有私田。說社會主義尋求一個更高的嶄新的社會價值，其實不是這樣。改革是在還欠賬。這個帳不是說大家想不想說，願不願說的問題，而是一個實在的賬，非常清楚地放在那裏的。所以從這個意義上講，改革開放三十年，和可以預期的未來中國改革，應該說是中國革命不良遺產的懺悔，救贖。至於某些人，對革命有著某種個人審美的浪漫主義追思的話，那是他個人的生死哲學問題。對於革命英雄主義有抱憾的話，那是個人問題，不是歷史問題。對當下社會不公不義不道德的憤恨、不滿，是社會問題，不是歷史問題。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;至於案是不是能翻，有些案不是能不能翻的問題，在我看來，是事實真相是什麼樣的問題，和你認不認這些事實的問題。歷史的基本問題本質是一個人道主義問題。這個問題你不認，那麼好，問題就轉化了，變成了人的良知問題。我們不是在面對和研究抽象的問題，因為所有問題，時代也好，個人也好，定性都不是取決於，或者說最後也很難取決於權力、偏好。它們（他們）的性質最後都只能取決於歷史事實本身。說要完成一次救世主一般的使命來創造“社會主義新人”，“創造性破壞”後，再來一次“積極遺忘”，“積極遺忘”還不準確，應該把熊彼特理論發揮一下，來一次“創造性遺忘”，孔、毛、鄧一鍋燴，把中國的新賬老賬一塊抹掉了，於是天下太平？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;剛才我講到改革是大倒退。“大倒退”是什麼意思？多簡單的道理。毛剛去世幾天，就把毛的老婆和最親信的人抓起來是什麼意思？把毛臨終前一定要幹掉、永遠不能再起來的人重新解放出來什麼意思？真理標準討論的本質是什麼意思？林彪、四人幫捆一塊亂燉，不僅要打倒，而且還要公開審判，什麼意思？你發現整個過程毫不含糊，刀刀見血，即使如此，1981年還要搞個《歷史決議》以維護道統與法統，想結束歷史展望未來。結果如何？歷史並沒有按照《歷史決議》老人們確定的調子結束。曾經有一個老幹部的孩子說，1949年以後黨做的事情，還剩一個“高饒事件”沒有平反了，說這事還能定案，要不然就沒有一件事情是對的了。前不久，高饒事件的證據大規模出來了，張秀山的《我的八十五年——從西北到東北》，還有張明遠的回憶錄，到高崗的秘書趙家粱最近在香港出版的回憶錄《高崗在北京》，還有一些重量級當事人的回憶，這些回憶都證明“高饒反黨集團”是毛等製造的大錯特錯的冤假錯案。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;這樣還說什麼呢？中共從1949年以來政治鬥爭、政治運動是不是全錯了，還需要進一步搞清楚，涉及大量人和事，很多當事人已經去世，檔案還沒有開放。我們講文革也好，講改革也好，講毛、劉、周、鄧的關係也好，早就埋下了伏筆。毛、劉鬥爭，文化大革命起因的歷史已經改寫了，起因可以跨過大躍進、大饑荒，推到合作化、新民主主義變臉時期去。哪是以蒼天生民為己任？黨內鬥爭，廝殺不已。前不久，我們發現了一個偉大的詩人。說他偉大是有道理的，起碼是我本人這麼看。這位詩人叫牟宜之，生於1909年，1958年打成右派，後流放齊齊哈爾昂昂溪，1975年貧困交加逝世，有家屬自印的詩集《錐心集》。詩人承繼中國士大夫傳統和杜甫以來的“詩史”傳統，一生留存詩作200餘首。1971年深秋以後，他寫了《詠史》三首，其中有對歷史對現實的高度概括：“權貴廝殺如豺虎，百姓躬耕似馬牛”、“世上美名爾享盡，人間壞事君做絕”。我們知道，這個見識和概括遠遠地超越了包括作家、學者、理論家在內的所有中國人。“權貴廝殺如豺虎，百姓躬耕似馬牛”這句詩，我認為高度準確地概括了集體化以後的中國歷史，其詩史的價值絕不亞於“白骨露於野，千里無雞鳴”，“朱門酒肉臭，路有凍死骨”。說到這裏，我還要提兩個人，一位叫楊偉名，一位叫王西麟。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;楊偉名是陝西戶縣的農民，一位思想家。1962年前後，他寫了《當前形勢懷感》等一批文章和政策建議，提出中國大饑荒的惡劣形勢並沒有發生根本好轉，中共的政策應該主動倒退，經濟上要退回到合作化以前去，黨內政治要退回到延安整風以前去；判斷中國如果實行一二類農副產品自由貿易，沒有多久，糧食不是不夠吃的問題，而是吃不完，糧食生產過剩問題。思想水準之高，匪夷所思。1968年，他遭到迫害，與妻子一起自殺身亡。我們現在的人高明？比起楊偉名，一個在大饑荒背景下思考的思想家，差得遠！把中國社會的性質和未來道路的可能走向講得那麼清楚，真是先知！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我想特別強調的是，楊偉名思考中國未來前途的時候，大饑荒還沒結束。我們通常說“三年大饑荒”，不對，應該是“五年大饑荒”，1958年到1962年。為什麼這麼講？文獻記載，1958年年底，已經在雲南發生了大規模的饑荒，上報給武漢召開的中共政治局擴大會議上的毛澤東，餓死數萬人。雲南大饑荒事件在毛澤東的早期文稿中有披露。毛的批示是多麼輕描淡寫了得！已經出現了數萬人死亡，最高領導人不去懲罰他的愛將雲南省委書記謝富治，這在黨內創造了處理大規模餓死人的基本定式：保護封疆大吏愛將，有限懲治基層官員。餓死人最嚴重的幾個省，政治局委員、西南局第一書記、四川省委書記李井泉毫髮未損，河南省委書記吳芝圃“信陽事件”後調任中南局書記處書記，山東省委書記舒同降職後調任陝西省委書記處書記，安徽省委書記曾希聖委以重任——再兼山東省委書記（注：曾後來因為良心發現，在安徽實行包產到戶被毛澤東撤職，調任西南局書記處書記），甘肅省委書記張仲良降職為甘肅省委第三書記。四川餓死人最多，是因為四川晚取消公共食堂一年。它為什麼會晚？ 1961年毛回湖南家鄉，一句話就把全國的食堂給解散了，唯四川不解散。為什麼？四川省委書記李井泉深知“公共食堂”是毛之所愛，他說公共食堂是“人民公社的心臟”，心臟取消了，人民公社軀體何存？所以他不取消。結果四川死亡持續到了1962年春天，幾年下來，至少餓死了四川人1000萬人！也就是說，李井泉在身上至少背有1000萬人命債的情況下仍然得寵。實際大饑荒時間更長，根據文獻記載，大饑荒伴隨著整個集體化、人民公社的全過程，集體化、人民公社的歷史就是一個大饑荒的歷史，不僅僅是5年大饑荒。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;現在說說王西麟。王西麟是一位現在還活在中國大陸的交響樂作曲家，我把他稱作“二十世紀中國偉大的交響樂作曲家”，目前他已經創作了包括七部交響樂在內的50多部作品，他創作於世紀之交的《第四交響曲——獻給中國歷史和人類歷史過去的一世紀和未來的一世紀》，被波蘭大作曲家潘德雷茨基評價為“一部偉大的作品”。這位元“生活在社會底層的平民音樂家”在《第四交響曲》這部偉大的作品裏用憤怒、哀傷、沉鬱、悲愴的調子述說了中國的歷史，讓我感受到了歷史學家面對歷史時的孱弱和蒼白，感到了一些提倡“積極遺忘”歷史、不承認和不反省歷史、用大陸中學歷史教科書的水準尋找某種歷史合理性和價值的學者的無知、無良、無恥。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;牟宜之、楊偉名、王西麟們的重要作用在於，如同農民爭取吃飽肚子的權利一樣，數十年生生不息，貫穿始終，中國民間還有一種獨立的歷史基調、歷史眼光、歷史態度的存在。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我們今天翻過來看，中國當代史的一些問題，本質上是法律問題、倫理問題，如果超越法律和倫理來討論歷史，也就是說超越了人道主義來討論歷史，歷史還有意義麼？別說得那麼玄乎，只要還有一顆普通人的心，要求不高，普通人的心就行，一絲良知尚存，做出某些判斷並不困難。現在的情況是，歷史真相還沒完全呈現出來，而且我們知道已經有人在毀檔案，而且事實上一些地方政府還在違法地永久性地保護那些根本沒有任何密級的檔案材料。在這樣的前提下，說什麼“積極遺忘”，誰加誰加誰來重建中國未來的道統和法統，依據是什麼？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我們說研究歷史要有同情的理解，但是同情的理解是有前提的。第一，你准不準備讓我同情的理解？如果準備，好，請把事實告訴我，把真相告訴我，根據我的理性和良知，由我來做判斷，如果你自信的話。南非社會轉型就有所謂的“寬恕與和解”，成立了“南非真相與和解委員會”，寬恕的前提是真相的坦白、揭露。我們不能想像，在不瞭解真相的情況下，或者對已有的定論做出質詢都不允許的情況下，要求我們做出一個所謂“同情的理解”。前提不存在。所有的事情都要有前提。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;過去的歷史跟每個人都有關係。研究當代史，必須研究影響了當代史的任務的心理機制。對歷史的懺悔和自我救贖，不是我的推理、猜測，而是事實。我看到了。中國改革的領導人都有相關表述和行為。趙紫陽有，胡耀邦有，萬里有，鄧小平也有，劉少奇也有。鄧小平1962年就主張“貓論”，包產到戶救命。劉少奇在七千人大會上就說，大饑荒是“七分人禍三分天災”、“這一代不揭，下一代揭”。劉少奇對毛澤東說，“人相食，要上書”的。劉少奇很沮喪，他當國家主席期間發生大饑荒這樣的事情。當朝的每一個人都知道他們造了什麼孽。我訪問了很多老人，他們無論對毛對中國革命最終持什麼立場，他們人生記憶裏最深刻的東西恰恰不是文革他們被打倒被揪鬥的時候，而是土改和大饑荒。那些經歷的故事給他們的心理衝擊特別大，細節講起來栩栩如生。文革被整得很慘的人，我看過那些照片，包括我採訪的當事人。但是他們記憶裏是什麼？李井泉文革中被搞得家破人亡，妻子、兒子是怎麼死的？是虐殺！最重要的一條，就是對大饑荒的報復。我不認為動私刑虐殺有正當性。我是一個非暴力主義者。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;中國社會轉型，要尋找自己的路，可能的路徑只能是中國人真實記憶的自然延續。只有構造出一個中國人以自己經驗為背景的理性，才能使中國人走向自我救贖的道路。失諾與救贖，是我分析當代史——中國革命與中國改革關係的基本認識線索和框架。工作還是初步的，還不成熟，還有許多事情沒有搞清楚，還需要進一步研究。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;謝謝大家。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.unirule.org.cn/SecondWeb/DWContent.asp?DWID=415"&gt;http://www.unirule.org.cn/SecondWeb/DWContent.asp?DWID=415&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-5025458206824032454?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/5025458206824032454/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=5025458206824032454' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5025458206824032454'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5025458206824032454'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_3179.html' title='天則雙周論壇377盧躍剛講稿：中國革命與中國改革'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SebEKu-Kf0I/AAAAAAAAAMQ/_pdA05TqqS0/s72-c/%E5%8D%A2%E8%B7%83%E5%88%9A.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-2548443359289530902</id><published>2009-04-15T21:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-15T21:43:45.605-07:00</updated><title type='text'>0是病毒，？不是病毒，是希望</title><content type='html'>&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325145231274853010" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 395px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sea3X7-AwpI/AAAAAAAAAMI/j4l5MjdL6vw/s400/%E7%BA%B5%E8%B4%AF%E7%BA%BF.jpg" border="0" /&gt;昨晚看了“縱貫線”四位老帥哥的訪談。除了主持人遜了點兒，老帥哥個個是楷模。遜主持要求他們給自己作為子、夫、父打分。張震嶽先。“子”項60分，自稱還在努力，近年越做越好。後兩項都打了零分。旁邊的羅大佑一看白色題板，嚴肅地說，不行不行。把零分都改成了問號。羅大佑說，人生還是要有希望，零分不是就沒有希望了麼。&lt;br /&gt;末了，四位老帥哥還被責令分別對年輕人說句話。其實他們都說了無數句。它們太多感慨。張震嶽最絮叨，說了半天，總歸是積極進取的意思。羅大佑，太多誘惑，選准一個方向奔跑。周華健說的啥忘記了。李宗盛鬍子拉碴，灰白滿面。&lt;br /&gt;無論如何，他們都傳遞希望，洋溢樂觀。最後還是唱《出發》。&lt;br /&gt;“有一種預感，路的終點是迷宮”。這是最後的歌詞麼？&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-2548443359289530902?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/2548443359289530902/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=2548443359289530902' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2548443359289530902'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2548443359289530902'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/0.html' title='0是病毒，？不是病毒，是希望'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sea3X7-AwpI/AAAAAAAAAMI/j4l5MjdL6vw/s72-c/%E7%BA%B5%E8%B4%AF%E7%BA%BF.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-3720314923409089866</id><published>2009-04-15T20:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-15T20:32:02.439-07:00</updated><title type='text'>奧巴馬的稅單與狗</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;1、&lt;/span&gt;Obamas’ Earnings, Helped by Royalties, Stayed High in ’08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;By &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="More Articles by Charlie Savage" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/s/charlie_savage/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;CHARLIE SAVAGE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;，紐約時報，Published: April 15, 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325126809910035106" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 233px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SeamnrCYwqI/AAAAAAAAAL4/r3LM90Pfu8Q/s400/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E7%8B%9716dog-600.jpg" border="0" /&gt;WASHINGTON — &lt;a title="More articles about Barack Obama." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/o/barack_obama/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;President Obama&lt;/a&gt; and his wife released their &lt;a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/president_federal1040.pdf"&gt;2008 federal tax return&lt;/a&gt; on Wednesday, showing that they paid $855,323 in federal income taxes on a combined household income of $2,656,902.&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Obama and &lt;a title="More articles about Michelle Obama." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/o/michelle_obama/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Michelle Obama&lt;/a&gt; also reported giving $172,050 — nearly 6.5 percent of their earnings — to 37 charities, including $25,000 contributions to &lt;a title="More articles about CARE." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/c/care/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;CARE&lt;/a&gt;, a global antipoverty group, and to the United Negro College Fund.&lt;br /&gt;For the fourth year in a row, most of the Obamas’ income came from royalties from his two books: “Dreams From My Father” and “The Audacity of Hope.”&lt;br /&gt;Proceeds from book sales totaled more than $2.4 million in 2008, dwarfing the roughly $200,000 the couple made from Mr. Obama’s salary as a United States senator and Mrs. Obama’s at the &lt;a title="More articles about the University of Chicago." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/u/university_of_chicago/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;University of Chicago&lt;/a&gt; Hospitals. Mrs. Obama went on leave from her job during the presidential campaign last year and formally resigned at the beginning of this year.&lt;br /&gt;Earlier on Wednesday, the deadline for Americans to file their income tax returns, Mr. Obama made a sales pitch for his tax proposals, saying a tax cut in the stimulus bill would benefit “95 percent of American workers,” and praised other changes that he said would help small-business owners, parents of college students and first-time homebuyers. And he called for a sweeping overhaul of the tax code.&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Obama made his remarks as conservative activists held a series of “Tea Party” protests around the country calling for lower taxes and less government spending.&lt;br /&gt;The president has proposed to raise taxes on more affluent workers, and would himself be likely to pay higher taxes should his proposals go through. He has called for putting a cap on the value of itemized deductions, like charitable contributions.&lt;br /&gt;Moreover, he advocates allowing Bush-era tax cuts to expire as scheduled at the end of 2010, restoring the marginal tax rate on couples’ earnings above $250,000 to 39 percent, as it was during the 1990s. That rate is currently 35 percent.&lt;br /&gt;The White House on Wednesday also released the &lt;a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/vicepresident_federal.pdf"&gt;tax return&lt;/a&gt; for Vice President &lt;a title="More articles about Joseph R. Biden Jr." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/joseph_r_jr_biden/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Joseph R. Biden Jr.&lt;/a&gt; and his wife, Jill. They reported an adjusted gross income of $269,256 and paid $46,952 in federal income taxes.&lt;br /&gt;The Bidens also reported donating $1,885 to charity, less than 1 percent of their earnings. In a &lt;a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/09/04/15/Release-of-the-President-and-Vice-Presidents-Tax-Returns/"&gt;press release&lt;/a&gt;, the White House said the Bidens have made additional donations to charity not listed on the returns.&lt;br /&gt;“The charitable donations claimed by the Bidens on their tax returns are not the sum of their annual contributions to charity,” it said. “They donate to their church, and they contribute to their favorite causes with their time as well as their checkbooks.”&lt;br /&gt;The Obamas first opened a window onto their rapidly escalating personal wealth in March 2008, when they released &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/26/us/politics/26taxes.html"&gt;seven years of their tax returns&lt;/a&gt; amid Mr. Obama’s effort to secure the Democratic presidential nomination.&lt;br /&gt;Those forms showed that the couple’s income had spiked sharply in 2005, largely because of book sales after Mr. Obama became famous with a speech at the 2004 &lt;a title="More articles about Democratic National Convention" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/d/democratic_national_convention/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;Democratic National Convention&lt;/a&gt;, when he was running for the Senate.&lt;br /&gt;From 2000 to 2004, the Obamas had earned an average of about $250,000 a year. But their taxable income surged to $1.6 million in 2005 and $983,826 in 2006.&lt;br /&gt;In 2007, as book sales rose to a new high during the first year of his presidential campaign, &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/17/us/politics/17obama.html"&gt;they earned $4.2 million&lt;/a&gt;. Since then, Mr. Obama’s book sales have slowed somewhat but remain lucrative, the new tax filings show.&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Obama signed a book deal in January, just before taking office. The deal, &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/20/us/politics/20disclose.html"&gt;revealed in a routine Senate filing last month&lt;/a&gt;, will pay him $250,000 for an adaptation of his memoir for younger readers. The Senate filing also first disclosed his 2008 book royalty income.&lt;br /&gt;The White House also released the Obamas’ and the Bidens’ state tax returns. The Obamas &lt;a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/president_state.pdf"&gt;reported paying&lt;/a&gt; $77,883 in state income taxes to Illinois, and the Bidens &lt;a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/vicepresident_state.pdf"&gt;reported paying&lt;/a&gt; $11,164 in state income taxes to Delaware.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;Sheryl Gay Stolberg contributed reporting from Washington, and Liz Robbins from New York.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;2、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Does Bo Know He’s Top Dog?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;By DOUGLAS QUENQUA，紐約時報，Published: April 15, 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SOONER or later, someone is going to ask Bo, the 6-month-old Portuguese water dog who moved into the White House this week, if he knows the answer to a simple question: Who’s a good boy?&lt;br /&gt;The question will of course be rhetorical, since Bo, whose raison d’être is to be furry and sweet, has significantly fewer performance expectations than his master. But it will by no means be idle, at least not to the psychologists, neuroscientists, philosophers and kissy-face dog owners who for centuries have pondered the mysteries of canine consciousness. What, they ask, does a creature that lives to chew shoes and chase tennis balls really know about himself and his surroundings?&lt;br /&gt;These questions are intriguing enough when applied to household pets — do they know why they’re not allowed on the couch? That we are coming home again? That the houseguests do not like to be sniffed and jumped on? — but downright trippy when it comes to dogs like Bo. All of a sudden, photographers shoulder one another aside to snap his picture, and the president of the United States scampers behind him.&lt;br /&gt;Does Bo wonder, in whatever way he might be capable, what all the fuss is about? Does he know he’s the most famous dog in the world?&lt;br /&gt;Yes — or he soon will, said Cecelia Ruggles, a Connecticut dog breeder who owns Stump, the Sussex spaniel who won Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club show this year. She is also an owner of J. R., a bichon frisé who won Westminster in 2001, and several other champions.&lt;br /&gt;“Oh, they know they’re famous, and they definitely get an attitude,” she said.&lt;br /&gt;Like many people in the dog business, Ms. Ruggles takes a fairly anthropomorphic view of her animals’ cognitive abilities. “What distinguishes show dogs from other dogs is that they realize what’s going on, they know what they’re doing,” she said. “That’s what makes them who they are.”&lt;br /&gt;J. R., for instance, knows how to make an impressive entrance at a press conference. “He waves his paws — it’s his signature,” Ms. Ruggles said. “It’s not something we taught him to do, it’s just something he does.”&lt;br /&gt;But many dog owners are quick to tell stories about the precocity of their pets (often, long after the interest of the listener has waned), and skeptics chalk these tricks up to personality rather than brains. Even people who have studied the intelligence of dogs are doubtful that Bo has any clue he is an international media star.&lt;br /&gt;“No,” declared Stanley Coren, a professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia and the co-author of “What Do Dogs Know?” “Dogs don’t know fame.”&lt;br /&gt;What dogs do know, said Professor Coren, is their position within their social group, whether they are at the top or the bottom of their pack.&lt;br /&gt;“They know about comfort, and they know how much they can demand and get away with,” he said. So with the first family treating him like royalty for the time being, “that might be equivalent to fame. He might think he has groupies.”&lt;br /&gt;By that standard, Bo’s perception of his surroundings won’t be all that different from any other well-pampered family dog, he said.&lt;br /&gt;“I’m certain there are hundreds of thousands if not millions of dogs who are owned by blue-collar workers who really feel that they are extremely special,” Professor Coren said.&lt;br /&gt;Based on the behavior of previous four-legged White House occupants, it is hard to draw too many conclusions. During the &lt;a title="More articles about George W. Bush." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/george_w_bush/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;George W. Bush presidency&lt;/a&gt;, Barney the Scottish terrier had his own Web page on &lt;a href="http://whitehouse.gov/" target="_"&gt;whitehouse.gov&lt;/a&gt; (which he shared with the Bushes’ other dog, Miss Beazley), and showed his gratitude by biting a Reuters reporter during the administration’s waning days. Socks and Buddy, the Clintons’ cat and dog, drew enough mail that &lt;a title="More articles about Hillary Rodham Clinton." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/hillary_rodham_clinton/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Hillary Rodham Clinton&lt;/a&gt; assembled a book of letters, though Socks’s nastiness to Buddy got him gifted to &lt;a title="More articles about Betty Currie" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/betty_currie/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Betty Currie&lt;/a&gt; when the Clintons left the White House.&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps a better role model for Bo was Millie the springer spaniel, who not only “dictated” a book to her owner, &lt;a title="More articles about Barbara Bush." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/barbara_bush/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Barbara Bush&lt;/a&gt;, but also gave birth to a camera-ready litter of puppies.&lt;br /&gt;The idea that a dog could tell a red carpet from a housebreaking pad may sound far-fetched. For centuries, however, the mysteries of animal awareness have occupied some of mankind’s most respected thinkers.&lt;br /&gt;Thomas Aquinas, the 13th-century Catholic philosopher, believed that animals possessed just enough consciousness that people should spare them outright abuse, if not the frying pan. René Descartes, who divided the world into two distinct substances, mind and matter, said that animals were purely mechanical beings that lacked an inner life (a classification that rings hollow to anyone who has heard the noise a beagle makes when you step on its tail). Darwin, Aristotle and Immanuel Kant also tried, unconvincingly, to wrap their heads around animal minds.&lt;br /&gt;But canine cognition has become a serious science in the past few decades. More or less.&lt;br /&gt;Starting in the late 1990s, Marc Bekoff, then a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the &lt;a title="More articles about the University of Colorado." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/u/university_of_colorado/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;University of Colorado&lt;/a&gt;, used his dog, Jethro, to conduct a landmark study he called “The Yellow Snow Project.”&lt;br /&gt;“For five winters I collected piles of yellow snow on the path where I walk my dog in the mountains outside of Boulder,” he said. “Then I would move them along the bike path and watch what Jethro did.”&lt;br /&gt;“He basically spent a longer time sniffing the other dogs’ urine than his own,” Mr. Bekoff said.&lt;br /&gt;Professor Coren, who has studied Mr. Bekoff’s work (animal psychology is a tight-knit field), said that the yellow snow experiment offered proof that dogs have a sense of themselves versus other dogs. “It’s the first level of consciousness, knowing that you are there and a separate entity from everyone else,” Professor Coren said.&lt;br /&gt;His own claim to fame is a series of tests conducted in the early 1990s that measured how many sounds, signals and gestures dogs could comprehend. He concluded that the average dog had roughly the same cognitive abilities as a 2-year-old human, a finding that is now commonly cited among pet owners.&lt;br /&gt;“It’s helpful because when dealing with a dog, you can ask yourself, ‘What would I expect of a 2-year-old kid?’ ” he said.&lt;br /&gt;Still, no matter how many pointy-headed tests are dreamed up, there will always be pet owners who believe their dogs possess the magical ability to apprehend their larger place in the world.&lt;br /&gt;“People love to humanize their dogs,” said Mathilde DeCagny, the Hollywood trainer who worked on “Marley &amp;amp; Me.” “But Bo is not walking in the White House right now thinking, ‘I scored!’ ”&lt;br /&gt;Which is not necessarily a bad thing. Some animal rights advocates have criticized the Obamas for adopting a dog from a private breeder rather than from a shelter. But the choice somehow seems less cruel once you remove the suggestion of Oliver Twist-like emotional despair. “I have gotten so many e-mails today from people saying it’s too bad they didn’t get a mutt from the pound who would know that he is special,” Mr. Bekoff said.&lt;br /&gt;“But come on,” he laughed. “Bo doesn’t know that, and neither would a pound dog.”&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-3720314923409089866?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/3720314923409089866/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=3720314923409089866' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3720314923409089866'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3720314923409089866'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_9509.html' title='奧巴馬的稅單與狗'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SeamnrCYwqI/AAAAAAAAAL4/r3LM90Pfu8Q/s72-c/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E7%8B%9716dog-600.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-7960542837153146742</id><published>2009-04-15T19:01:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-15T19:27:45.878-07:00</updated><title type='text'>期待公義的太陽</title><content type='html'>&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325106767835356242" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 277px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SeaUZEfa3FI/AAAAAAAAALw/8k04mhDtr8M/s400/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;胡安·赫爾曼——當代阿根廷最重要的詩人、2008年度“賽凡提斯獎”得主，被譽為“當代拉美最好的詩人”。4月14日，胡安·赫爾曼來到北京賽凡提斯學院，朗讀他的西班牙語詩作，並向詩歌愛好者們“自我解構”其傳奇人生。今晚6點半，胡安·赫爾曼還將來到上海，在賽凡提斯圖書館（安福路208號）舉行詩歌朗誦會。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;東方早報記者 張穎 發自北京&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;從1956年發表第一部作品開始，詩歌就成為胡安·赫爾曼的武器，其中尤以反映1976年至1983年阿根廷軍政府統治時期民眾苦難的詩歌最為人稱道——詩歌是他的安慰、他的希望，也是精神寄託。詩人西川說，曾經聽過這樣一句話來形容拉美的作家：白天是新聞記者，晚上才是純文學的作家。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;他被兩邊判了死刑&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;赫爾曼常說他是家中唯一的阿根廷人，實際上他出生於一個俄羅斯猶太移民家庭。其父母1928年移民海外，1929年到達阿根廷。1930年，胡安·赫爾曼在布宜諾賽勒斯出生。15歲時，赫爾曼參加了阿根廷共產主義青年團，並在青年團成立了一個詩歌組織，取名“硬面包”。1956年，他出版了自己的第一部詩集，那年他26歲。&lt;br /&gt;“我出生在阿根廷，開始有了自己的祖國、童年和語言。經過長時間的流亡之後，現在我自己選擇與妻子居住在墨西哥。所有的人都屬於這個世界，如果非要說我有一個歸屬的話，那麼我的祖國就是語言。” 赫爾曼這樣定義他的歸屬。&lt;br /&gt;父母給了赫爾曼追求真理、維護社會正義的基因。事實上，他的父親還曾參加過1905年的俄國革命。1954年，赫爾曼開始為新華社做記者，向西語世界報導中國的情況。上世紀60年代初，中蘇分歧，社會主義陣營產生分裂。各國共產黨分為兩派，一方親蘇，一方親華。當時，阿根廷共產黨要求赫爾曼放棄新華社的工作，但赫爾曼選擇了堅持，這使得他不得不離開了阿根廷共產黨。&lt;br /&gt;回憶起這段歷史，赫爾曼說，當時在阿根廷為新華社工作的就只有他一人，而記者的責任就是進行報導，“我認為這個工作是正確的，我們不能對中國這樣的國家一無所知。必須介紹中國，讓阿根廷人瞭解中國，讓大家知道世界上發生了什麼。”&lt;br /&gt;1976年，阿根廷政變後，赫爾曼不得不逃離祖國。在其後整整13年的流亡生活中，他遠遁他鄉，輾轉於羅馬、巴黎、紐約、墨西哥。而赫爾曼20歲的兒子馬塞洛(Marcelo Gelman)和當時正懷有7個月身孕的19歲兒媳瑪麗亞·克勞迪奧(Maria Claudia)被政府從家中綁架，隨後遭到了處決。&lt;br /&gt;在軍政府統治時期，阿根廷有很多人失蹤。1976至1983年，阿根廷政府鎮壓左翼持不同政見者。有人權組織稱，這一期間阿根廷至少有1.5萬至3萬人因遭到綁架、暗殺而“人間蒸發”。阿根廷歷史上的“骯髒戰爭” (Dirty War)指的就是這段歷史。&lt;br /&gt;赫爾曼不懈地追蹤親人的下落。1989年，他在一個沉於河底的水泥桶裏找到了兒子的遺骸。2000年，在他70歲高齡時，赫爾曼得以見到失散多年的孫女。這個出生在監獄中的可憐孩子，在父母遇害後被一個有烏拉圭軍方背景的家庭所收養。　&lt;br /&gt;在13年的流亡生活中，赫爾曼不僅被阿根廷反動聯盟判處死刑，他曾經參與創立的阿根廷城市遊擊隊也將他判處死刑。這是因為，1967年，他的同鄉切·格瓦拉在玻利維亞犧牲，這給當時的拉美革命運動帶來了極大震動。赫爾曼不主張拿自己同志的生命去冒險，與城市遊擊隊產生了政見上的分歧，最終導致分道揚鑣。在流亡生涯中，赫爾曼得到了許多人的支援，包括許多國家的政要，當時的法國總統與瑞典首相曾聯名在法國第一大報《世界報》上發表聲明聲援他。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;詩歌是記憶的影子&lt;br /&gt;是對上帝的感謝&lt;/strong&gt;　&lt;br /&gt;2007年，在接受賽凡提斯獎時，赫爾曼發表感言說：“其實我已經死過很多次，每當聽到親朋好友或者文學知己失蹤的消息時，那種感覺同死亡沒什麼區別。”而現在，活著的感覺怎麼樣？赫爾曼平靜地說，“這些傷痛很難癒合。現在我有自己的兒孫輩。現在的生活與以前的確是不一樣了。”&lt;br /&gt;赫爾曼說，他並不認為是這些痛苦與不幸使他不斷創作，詩人寫詩就是因為他想要表達，沒有別的原因。有很多偉大的詩人並沒有過痛苦的遭遇，甚至連小的傷口都不曾有過，但還是創作出偉大的詩篇，“對我來說，也許有人覺得我脾氣暴躁、難以忍受，也許我就是這樣。我感到我的耳朵裏有噪音，這使得我需要去寫作，將我聽到的聲音表達出來。”&lt;br /&gt;北京大學教授、翻譯家趙振江表示，從1956年發表第一部作品開始，詩歌就成為赫爾曼的武器——詩歌是他的安慰、他的希望，也是精神寄託。赫爾曼的詩歌幾乎都是在深夜裏創作的。據不完全統計，到目前為止他已發表了40多本詩集。以赫爾曼這樣的經歷能夠如此多產，趙振江認為有兩個關鍵字可以概括其創作激情：一是執著或者說迷戀，另一個是尋求或者說創新。&lt;br /&gt;赫爾曼說，詩歌是神秘的，沒人知道它究竟帶來了什麼，“它是記憶的影子，是對上帝的感謝，而沒有了詩歌，生活對我來說就像沒有葉子的樹，也就沒有了影子。”&lt;br /&gt;黑暗的時代已經過去，而如何回顧歷史，如何認識拉美的政治現狀？赫爾曼認為，到目前為止，拉美並沒有出現真正的和解過程：“一些當年支持軍政府的人及軍人本身仍堅持他們的所為是正確的。現在有的，是一個正在追求正義和公正的進程，而這個過程是漫長的。”他表示，在阿根廷，本屆政府和前屆政府決定去掉曾經有罪不罰的保護層，懲罰那些曾經的罪行，他們真正地去調查軍政府的罪行。赫爾曼用低沉的聲音說：“我們循著記憶找出真相，有一天正義會真正到來。”&lt;br /&gt;中國知名詩人西川說，曾經聽過這樣一句話來形容拉美的作家：白天是新聞記者，晚上才是純文學的作家。而赫爾曼將兩種狀態糅合在一起，人們從他的詩中感受到深夜的黑暗與孤獨，他的詩歌往往沉重，而巨大的空曠感中又表達出對世界、對親人的愛。&lt;br /&gt;赫爾曼表示，在鬥爭的年代，詩歌就像槍一樣是人們的需要。詩歌告訴人們不知道的東西，但通過詩歌你不可能得到權力，“馬克思曾經說過，人們能夠得到的最大滿足感來源於藝術與文學。但如果非要給詩歌一個不同尋常的社會作用的話，那就誇張了。作家並不是史達林所說的‘人類靈魂的工程師’，我們只是寫字而已。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;◎　鏈結：胡安·赫爾曼&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;胡安·赫爾曼（Juan Gelman）身上有著難得的“20世紀症候”的大交集：離散在南美的烏克蘭猶太人身份、阿根廷共產黨、超現實主義與承諾文學的聯姻、軍政府的迫害、流亡、家人被極權主義殘殺的創傷經驗、詞語的強力等。1930年，他生於布宜諾賽勒斯的一個猶太移民家庭。年輕時記者的職業使他置身於政治激流，並轉向左翼陣營。1976年阿根廷發生政變後，赫爾曼被判驅逐出境。1988年，結束流亡生涯回到阿根廷。作為批判現實主義陣營中的一員，胡安·赫爾曼為自己的詩歌固守著“生活的日常性”和“日常中的不平凡”，反映了其猶太文化背景、對國家與家庭的關注以及他對阿根廷政府鎮壓持不同政見者的“骯髒戰爭”期間的痛苦感受。他曾獲阿根廷國家詩歌獎、拉丁美洲文學獎以及有“西班牙語界諾貝爾獎”之稱的賽凡提斯獎等。&lt;br /&gt;他與中國一直有著密切的關係：他在1950年代開始為新華社做事，也曾經“重走長征路”。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;詩選譯&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;王國 REINOS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;應該從必然王國到自由王國&lt;br /&gt;從神學到宗教&lt;br /&gt;從資本主義到生活&lt;br /&gt;從經濟詩歌到詩歌經濟&lt;br /&gt;從饑餓到你&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;到像夜間的浪彼此碰撞的雙唇&lt;br /&gt;所有人都愛你的眼睛&lt;br /&gt;你眼睛的眠床閃耀在一個女人的盡頭&lt;br /&gt;被你追上的敵人顫抖不止&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在你後面有太陽&lt;br /&gt;有一把火焰的椅子靈魂穩穩坐在上面&lt;br /&gt;不期待寬慰或饒恕&lt;br /&gt;期待公義的太陽&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;宇宙沉默中吞吃宇宙&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;必死的雲雀歌唱&lt;br /&gt;請求苦難落入它的耐心裏&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你有一隻因天空而暈眩的動物&lt;br /&gt;在這裏分發靈魂&lt;br /&gt;為人們分發夥伴&lt;br /&gt;好讓他們無數次地做夢&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;選自《何塞•加勒萬的詩（Los poemas de José Galván）》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;動物 El ANIMAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我與一隻隱秘的動物住在一起。&lt;br /&gt;我白天做的事，它晚上吃掉。&lt;br /&gt;我晚上做的事，它白天吃掉。&lt;br /&gt;只給我留下記憶。連我最微小的錯誤和恐懼&lt;br /&gt;也吃得津津有味。&lt;br /&gt;我不讓它睡覺。&lt;br /&gt;我是它的隱秘動物。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;選自《不敬神者的酬勞（Salarios del impío）》（1984-1992）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-7960542837153146742?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/7960542837153146742/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=7960542837153146742' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7960542837153146742'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7960542837153146742'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_4334.html' title='期待公義的太陽'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SeaUZEfa3FI/AAAAAAAAALw/8k04mhDtr8M/s72-c/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-1078233740574349291</id><published>2009-04-15T17:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-15T17:44:02.782-07:00</updated><title type='text'>聲音收藏之往事</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/1021"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/1021&lt;/a&gt;-如风往事(李宗盛_卢冠廷)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-1078233740574349291?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/1078233740574349291/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=1078233740574349291' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1078233740574349291'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1078233740574349291'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_15.html' title='聲音收藏之往事'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8253359980757749920</id><published>2009-04-13T20:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-13T20:59:04.082-07:00</updated><title type='text'>每顆子彈，都消滅一個自己</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SeQJoluaERI/AAAAAAAAALo/PkHC1kOj2R4/s1600-h/%E5%BC%B9%E5%A3%B3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5324391252384944402" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 316px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SeQJoluaERI/AAAAAAAAALo/PkHC1kOj2R4/s400/%E5%BC%B9%E5%A3%B3.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;朋友一邊駕車，一邊拿出一袋東西：彈殼。&lt;br /&gt;他說近日實彈打靶留下的。&lt;br /&gt;拿回一顆向老丈人炫耀一番。結果被鄙視。他說，文攻武鬥的時候，自己耍過槍。連丈母娘都說打過。&lt;br /&gt;記得大學畢業剛工作，在雜誌社每個月有內部作文比賽。我曾經寫過《彈痕》。大意說的是朝鮮戰場的情愛故事。其實，美國打薩達姆時，我還在網路呐喊簽名。&lt;br /&gt;現在中國流行戰爭片。從李雲龍到余則成，從血雨腥風的陣地戰到諜戰，看似人民沉浸其中。輿論剖析劇情以及劇後人性。不過，少有人問為什麼。&lt;br /&gt;余則成在家開門時，習慣性握槍。&lt;br /&gt;翠平一定會把衣櫃裏的手雷拿出來，隨時準備拉爆。&lt;br /&gt;翠平說，有一種槍，是沒有聲音的。&lt;br /&gt;余則成笑著說：有無聲手雷,要嗎?&lt;br /&gt;讓人窒息的對白。&lt;br /&gt;有人認為《潛伏》盛行，是因為其中有職場鬥爭。&lt;br /&gt;我倒認為，是反向的。這個社會鬥爭的詭秘，正與潛伏暗合。&lt;br /&gt;只手以下，天空斑駁。潛伏是每個人的狀態。&lt;br /&gt;情愛潛伏於婚姻，利益潛伏于友情，名利潛伏於學術，奴性潛伏於忠誠。&lt;br /&gt;人們炫耀彈殼的時代，一定會聽到更多槍響。&lt;br /&gt;從美國校園，到曼谷街頭的坦克，以及深藍海洋上的與海盜之戰，我們內心有一種騷動，對扣動扳機，射殺別人，或者看到射殺別人的欲望。&lt;br /&gt;我告訴朋友，每顆子彈，都消滅一個自己。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8253359980757749920?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/8253359980757749920/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=8253359980757749920' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8253359980757749920'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8253359980757749920'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_13.html' title='每顆子彈，都消滅一個自己'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SeQJoluaERI/AAAAAAAAALo/PkHC1kOj2R4/s72-c/%E5%BC%B9%E5%A3%B3.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-5707523951690785252</id><published>2009-04-12T02:01:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-12T02:02:52.943-07:00</updated><title type='text'>聲音收藏之搖滾童話</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/2047-forever_young"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/2047-forever_young&lt;/a&gt;(搖滾童話)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-5707523951690785252?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/5707523951690785252/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=5707523951690785252' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5707523951690785252'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5707523951690785252'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_12.html' title='聲音收藏之搖滾童話'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-3527628494142649648</id><published>2009-04-10T10:17:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-10T10:19:24.689-07:00</updated><title type='text'>裝修·同樂坊</title><content type='html'>敲穿牆壁，或者&lt;br /&gt;奔向大地&lt;br /&gt;總之不能問我&lt;br /&gt;哪里有光&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-3527628494142649648?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/3527628494142649648/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=3527628494142649648' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3527628494142649648'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3527628494142649648'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_10.html' title='裝修·同樂坊'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-7918986065969734079</id><published>2009-04-09T21:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-09T22:11:02.186-07:00</updated><title type='text'>韓聯社注意金正日腿瘸、左手浮腫無法靈活擺動，看重張成澤</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff0000;"&gt;原標題：朝鮮國防委員會組織規模擴大 張成澤當選國防委員&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd7TSJEK8dI/AAAAAAAAALI/fFCzpT3Moos/s1600-h/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B7.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322924118223024594" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 249px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 351px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd7TSJEK8dI/AAAAAAAAALI/fFCzpT3Moos/s400/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B7.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;韓聯社首爾4月10日電&lt;/span&gt; 朝鮮9日召開第12屆最高人民會議第一次會議，再次推舉金正日為國防委員長，並任命第二號人物——勞動党行政部長張成澤為國防委員。&lt;br /&gt;此外，繼1998年之後，在時隔11年修改了《社會主義憲法》。&lt;br /&gt;在平壤萬壽台議事堂舉行的此次會議上，常任委員長金永南根據黨中央委員會和黨中央軍事委員會的提議，提交了再次推舉金正日為國防委員長的議案。會議以100%的贊成票議決，宣佈繼1998年和2003年之後的第三屆金正日領導機制成立。 &lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd7T0Pv6BKI/AAAAAAAAALY/35_ppQFIQBI/s1600-h/%E5%BC%A0%E6%88%90%E6%B3%BD.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322924704132629666" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 133px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 200px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd7T0Pv6BKI/AAAAAAAAALY/35_ppQFIQBI/s200/%E5%BC%A0%E6%88%90%E6%B3%BD.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;據朝中社報導，按照金正日的提議，他的妹夫、朝鮮政府領導層第二號人物、勞動党行政部長張成澤，和勞動黨軍需工業部第一副部長朱奎昌、人民安保相朱尚成、總政治局第一副局長金正閣，首次“當選”國防委員。&lt;br /&gt;經過此次會議，國防委員會副委員長和委員分別由之前的2人和4人增加到3人和8人，並成為名副其實的朝鮮最高領導機構。 &lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd7TMNtuuGI/AAAAAAAAALA/WkRWkrskYgM/s1600-h/%E5%BC%A0%E6%88%90%E6%B3%BD.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd7TrUXcuuI/AAAAAAAAALQ/o3dnd9rfeik/s1600-h/%E5%BC%A0%E6%88%90%E6%B3%BD.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;會議繼續任命金英日為總理，但4名副總理當中，全承勳被撤職，而新上任的是前電子工業相吳壽勇。此外，副總理盧鬥哲將兼任國家計劃委員會委員長。&lt;br /&gt;當天，金正日出席會議時左腿有些瘸，走了大約10步後在主席臺就坐。在臺上他高舉雙手並鼓掌，但左手仍有些浮腫，無法靈活地擺動。&lt;br /&gt;687名朝鮮最高人民會議代議員中，663人出席了當天的會議。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#333333;"&gt;此前韓聯社分析認為，北京希望金正日長子金正男（左圖）、張成澤接金正日大權。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-7918986065969734079?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/7918986065969734079/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=7918986065969734079' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7918986065969734079'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7918986065969734079'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_6070.html' title='韓聯社注意金正日腿瘸、左手浮腫無法靈活擺動，看重張成澤'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd7TSJEK8dI/AAAAAAAAALI/fFCzpT3Moos/s72-c/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B7.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8921160121099304866</id><published>2009-04-09T21:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-09T21:53:02.988-07:00</updated><title type='text'>榮氏跌盪（1902-1938）</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;吴晓波&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd7QmvZlm2I/AAAAAAAAAK4/xP41LfvC5WY/s1600-h/%E8%8D%A3%E6%B0%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%B0%B1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322921173575900002" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 370px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd7QmvZlm2I/AAAAAAAAAK4/xP41LfvC5WY/s400/%E8%8D%A3%E6%B0%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%B0%B1.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1900年之後，正當張謇的紗廠生意十分興隆的時候，江浙一帶的民間資本也迎勢而上，紛紛投入現代的民生產業。其中，對日後影響最大的是無錫榮家兄弟。&lt;br /&gt;1902年3月，一家保興麵粉廠在無錫西門外梁溪河畔的一個土墩上悄悄開業了。它占地17畝，工人30個，最顯眼的是它有4套法國造煉的大石磨，引擎60馬力，磨出來的麵粉又細又白，每日夜可出面300包。它的主要投資人是榮宗敬（1873~1927）、榮德生（1875~1952）兄弟，共集資3.9萬兩白銀。榮家兄弟出身貧寒，太平天國起事期間，無錫遭遇戰亂，榮氏一門幾乎滅絕，其父因為在上海鐵鋪當學徒才倖免于難。10多歲時，兩兄弟就背著一個小包裹到廣州、上海等地謀生計。因頭腦活絡、手腳勤快，他們竟慢慢地有了一些積蓄。到1896年，他們與父親一起在上海開了一家廣生錢莊，自己當起了小老闆。又過了幾年，錢莊生意清淡，父親也因病去世，兄弟倆決定轉行去做麵粉廠。&lt;br /&gt;當時國內已開業12家機器麵粉廠，最出名的就是老狀元孫家鼐家族開辦的阜豐麵粉廠，保興是最小的一家。榮家兄弟的工廠從一開張那天起就不順利，當地鄉紳告榮家兄弟私圈農田，還投訴他們搞了一根大煙囪正對著學宮，有礙風水。一場官司風波打到了兩江總督府，幸好總督劉坤一是個洋務派，把訟書給駁了回去。麵粉生產出來以後，銷路很差，頭一個月就積壓了上千包，因為江南人以大米為主食，麵粉銷路在北方。榮家兄弟從來就沒有跨過江，對那邊的市場是兩眼一抹黑。開廠一年多，其他股東就灰心喪氣撤了資，兩兄弟只好把名字改成茂新，重新去辦了註冊。&lt;br /&gt;天下的生意都是咬牙熬出來的。榮家兄弟漸漸顯出了經營上的才幹。他們先是物色到了行銷上的能人，專門去打開北方市場。他們在銷售上還動了很多腦筋，比如在麵粉包裏隨機放進一塊銅元，作為“彩頭”，給消費者帶來意外的驚喜，這種促銷花樣在很多年後仍然有效。1904年，東北爆發了日俄戰爭，麵粉需求陡然增加，生意一下子就好了起來。兩兄弟還十分重視對新技術的投入。1905年，他們得知英國的制面設備比法國的要好，馬上決定購進六部英制鋼磨機器，生產能力頓時翻了一番。不久後，他們得悉美國研製出了新的麵粉機，性能更加優良，於是又下決心舉債採購。&lt;br /&gt;榮家兄弟是一對十分奇特的組合。兄長榮宗敬長得濃眉方臉，英氣逼人，做起事來雷厲風行，手段霹靂；弟弟榮德生則面圓耳長，慈眉善目，慎思篤行，穩健保守。兩人在衣著上的區別也很明顯，老大喜歡穿西裝，整日髮蠟閃閃；老二終年是青衫長褂，一副鄉紳打扮。這種截然不同、頗為互補的個性也充分體現在生意上，甚至成為榮氏事業得以壯大的最重要的保證。榮宗敬大膽擴張，見到機會咬住就上，他的經營哲學是“只要有人肯借錢，我就敢要，只要有人肯賣廠，我就敢買”，是一個典型的激進戰略癡迷者。在進口美制麵粉機時，需12萬兩白銀，茂新根本拿不出那麼多錢，榮宗敬力主向洋行借款，先付兩成，其餘兩年還清。榮德生有點遲疑，他則認定，“只有欠入，賺下還錢，方有發達之日”。1905年，就在麵粉廠剛上正軌之後，榮宗敬當即提出“吃著兩頭，再做一局”，再辦一家棉紡廠。從此，榮家靠麵粉、紡紗起家，“既管吃，又管穿”，構築出一個驚人的商業王國。當然，他的冒進個性也常常陷企業於巨大的危機。1907年，榮宗敬在上海做金融投機失手，造成數萬元的巨額損失，連他先父創辦的廣生錢莊都搭了進去，錢莊被迫倒閉關門。生死關頭，身在無錫的榮德生捧著自家田單及房屋單契，火速趕到上海，以此作保，才把榮宗敬從爛泥中拉了出來。&lt;br /&gt;後來20多年中，這種危急景象居然發生了多次，榮宗敬舔淨傷口，依然猛打猛衝，榮德生則在後面掩護救難，每每把兄長和公司從懸崖邊拉回。就這樣，榮家事業在激進與保守之間，十分奇妙而迅猛地擴張。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;事實上，自1911年之後的16年間，由於國家一直處在軍閥割據及分裂中，這客觀上造成了中央集權政府的弱勢，是自“五胡亂華”的南北朝以來，1400年間第一次出現“中央真空”。於是，這段時間成了一個絕對自由，而自由又變得十分嚇人的時代。&lt;br /&gt;在此16年中，中國民營經濟迎來了一個“黃金年代”，這也是百年中唯一的“黃金年代”。&lt;br /&gt;……&lt;br /&gt;從1912年到1917年，無錫的榮家兄弟一口氣開出了九家工廠。&lt;br /&gt;茂新麵粉廠辦了八年之後，終於站穩腳跟，到1910年，工廠產量比初建時大了十倍，已經是國內數一數二的大廠了。這時候，兩兄弟兵分兩路，老二榮德生留守無錫，老大榮宗敬去了上海。1912年，榮宗敬在上海新閘橋開出第二家麵粉廠，起名福新。他在股東會上提出，為了擴大再生產，三年內不提紅利，所有的錢全部拿出來“滾雪球”。&lt;br /&gt;為了加快“雪球”的滾動速度，以冒險為樂事的榮宗敬採取了新建、租辦和收購等多種手段。在上海灘上，他放出風聲：“只要有人願意把廠子賣出來，我就敢買。”1913年夏天，他租下陷入困境的中興麵粉廠（兩年後全資收買，改名為福新四廠），到了冬天，在中興廠東面，新建福新二廠。1914年6月，他又在福新一廠的旁邊吃進土地，建起福新三廠。&lt;br /&gt;至此，在上海閘北的光復路上，沿蘇州河，一字排開四家榮家麵粉廠。其高聳的煙囪日日濃煙滾滾，機器的軋軋聲晝夜不絕，蘇州河裏運麥裝面的船隻更是川流不息，景象已是十分壯觀。1916年，榮宗敬又遠赴漢口，建福新五廠，第二年，租辦上海老牌的華資麵粉廠華興，改名為福新六廠。從此，無錫榮氏兄弟的名聲轟響於中國商界。&lt;br /&gt;榮宗敬是一個瘋狂的擴張主義者，他開工廠有兩大手段，一是求多，一是求新。他的經營哲學在下面這段話中透露無遺：“造廠力求其快，設備力求其新，開工力求其足，擴展力求其多。因之無月不添新機，無時不在運轉。人棄我取，將舊變新，以一文錢做三文錢的事，薄利多做，競勝於市場，庶必其能成功。”在講求規模效應的同時，他在品質上也是不惜血本，工廠購置的制面設備都是當時最先進的美制機磨和600筒麵粉機。他又根據中國小麥的特點，對打麥機、蕎子機和圓篩等設備進行了技術改進，使得麵粉的品質和產量都高於同期的外國工廠。&lt;br /&gt;榮宗敬在上海等地拳打腳踢，弟弟榮德生在老家也沒有閑著。當時無錫有五家麵粉廠，1914年，他收購惠元麵粉廠，改為茂新二廠，不久又租辦了泰隆、寶新兩廠，於是，五家工廠有四家歸入榮氏旗下。&lt;br /&gt;短短五年中，榮家手握十家麵粉廠（其中八家自有，兩家租辦），每日夜可出麵粉4.2萬袋，已是無人可敵的“麵粉大王”。隨著第一次世界大戰的爆發，歐洲工業停滯，麵粉軍需卻暴增。中國麵粉以價格低廉、產量可觀而一躍成為全球新出現的採購市場，榮家的“兵船”牌麵粉遠銷到歐洲和南洋各國，因品質穩定，它成了中國麵粉的“標準面”。&lt;br /&gt;在麵粉上陡成霸業的同時，榮家的棉紗工廠竟也同步急進。&lt;br /&gt;創辦於1905年的振新紗廠到1912年的時候已經很賺錢了，每年可得利潤20余萬元。1915年，榮宗敬在上海郊外的周家橋開建申新紗廠，購英制紡機36台，第二年投產開工，正趕上歐戰期間的需求饑渴。上海的棉紗價格大漲，從每件90餘兩狂漲到200兩，出現了“一件棉紗賺一個元寶”的暴利景象。申新在開工後的三年裏，棉紗產量從3584件增加到9811件，棉布產量從2.9萬匹增加到12.8萬匹，贏利更是驚人，從開辦當年的2.06萬元增加到22.2萬元，3年增長10餘倍。&lt;br /&gt;榮宗敬還幹了一件讓中國商界很長臉的事情。1917年，他出40萬元買下上海一家原本由日本商人經營的紗廠，改名為申新二廠。自1884年“紅頂商人”胡雪岩鬥絲慘敗後，上海棉紗業先為英美商人控制，後成日本公司天下。如今，中國企業竟有氣魄和能力收購日本企業，一時成了埠上讓人津津樂道的新聞。&lt;br /&gt;榮家兄弟在這些年所取得的成就，是新一輪工業化浪潮的縮影。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“五四運動”在7月份達到高潮，日本對華出口幾乎斷絕。抵制效果從後面兩年的貿易資料中清晰地呈現出來。1920年，日本對華進口額比1919年下降7.2%，損失達2915萬美元，而其他國家的對華出口卻增長33.3%。1921年日本對華出口又同比下降8696萬美元，同期，其他國家的進口則增長30%以上。美國經濟學家認為，這說明從1919年開始的抵制日貨運動，無論中國付出了什麼代價，都已成功地造成了日本在貿易、航運和工業方面的重大損失。據當時觀察家的記錄，抵制運動在華東地區推動了民族棉紗業的發展，在華南則為煙草和針織業提供了極為有利的市場環境。時任美國駐中國大使保羅•雷恩斯在寫給國會的信中就認為：“它給中國工業發展帶來了巨大的動力，並且給製造商和政府一個提示，即什麼是一場刺激國內工業發展的運動應該做到的。”&lt;br /&gt;與此同時，一個十分有趣的現象是，在震耳欲聾的愛國呼聲中，天性反對動盪的商人們還十分注意抵制運動的邊界，不使之滑向社會秩序全面崩潰的境地。在整個運動過程中，企業家做了大量的工作，儘量把運動的邊界局限在非暴力的範圍內。他們多次撰文呼籲，“惟予竊欲警告國民，萬不可任令群眾再有激烈行動”。&lt;br /&gt;6月份，就當紗廠聯合會決議聯合罷業的時候，榮宗敬曾經為此專門設宴招待歐美商人及外交人士。他解釋說：“（敝國）曆受諸貴國文明感化，雖罷課、罷市、罷工達十天有餘，而仍安靜如常，絕無一毫暴動，當可邀世界諸大國共諒。”接著，他講了一番很有技巧性的話：“敝國人士，一致戒用日本貨，而歐美諸大國之貨暢銷敝國，至好時機也。歐戰四年余，諸貴國銷行東亞之貨，被日本國爭攫殆盡，今公理戰勝，諸貴國正可廣造物品暢行東亞，今為在席諸公賀，而彼此聯絡友誼更加密切。”言下之意，中國抵制日貨，大大有利於歐美商品回歸中國市場，道理所及，當然很是引得歐美人的歡喜認同。&lt;br /&gt;除了推動消費市場上的抵制運動之外，企業家們更利用這股愛國熱潮，奪取了產業經濟的某些主導權。麵粉和棉紗“兩料大王”榮宗敬就做成了兩件很有利於民族產業的大事。&lt;br /&gt;從1919年的夏天開始，榮宗敬就四處奔走，聯絡麵粉業人士，自行組織麵粉交易所。當時在上海，日本商人開設了麵粉取引所（交易所），經營面、麥的期貨交易，基本控制了上海市場的原料和成品的價格，華人企業多年仰其鼻息而無可奈何。榮宗敬乘群情激奮之際，提出自辦交易所，擺脫日本人的控制，此議得到同業的一致回應。1920年1月11日，中國機制麵粉上海貿易所（後改名為上海麵粉交易所）宣告成立，籌集股本50萬元，榮宗敬、王一亭等滬上面業大亨均為理事。&lt;br /&gt;同時，榮宗敬積極籌建紗布交易所。作為上海最重要也是那些年贏利最強的民族產業，棉紗的原料期貨交易也被日商開辦的取引所掌控。每年的棉花和紗布交易量非常大，各棉紗廠雖有心掙脫日商控制，但是也很擔心操作不當，重蹈當年胡雪岩的覆轍。所以榮宗敬提出，必須協同一心，斷流開源。在他的召集下，華商紗廠聯合會的所有會員齊聚一堂，通過了兩條跟日商決裂的原則：一是各廠不從日商的取引所採購棉花，必堅持到底；二是凡在取引所買賣棉花和紗布的行號或掮客，各廠與之斷絕往來，並登報宣佈此旨。與會廠商被要求一一舉手，以示慎重通過。1921年7月1日，紗布交易所正式開幕，籌集股本200萬元，榮宗敬、穆藕初等人為發起股東。&lt;br /&gt;麵粉和紗布兩個交易所的建立，意味著這兩大民族產業的期貨價格主導權回歸華商。這是企業家階層借“五四運動”的東風打贏的兩場漂亮的商戰，特別是紗布交易所的建立，也算是給亂墳堆裏的胡雪岩一個遲到了30多年的告慰。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在1922年，南通模式還是如此的迷人和讓人感奮，在很長時間裏它成為企業家的夢想。也是在這一年，老買辦朱葆三在上海郊區購置1000畝地，設想建立一個類似南通的試驗城。而榮家兄弟則嘗試著在自己的工廠裏搞了一個“勞工自治區”。“自治區”設在家鄉無錫，建有男、女職工單身宿舍和職工家屬宿舍，宿舍分區、村、室三級，由工人自己推選各級負責人員進行管理；還興辦了食堂、儲蓄所、合作社、醫院、工人夜校、子弟學校、圖書館、電影場，乃至公墓、功德祠、尊賢堂，工人從生活、教育、文化娛樂、勞動保險到生老病死諸多方面都得到了一定程度的保障，可謂社會功能一應俱全，宛若一個獨立的“公社”。到後來，為了處理各種糾紛事宜，“自治區”內還設了一個工人自治法庭。“自治區”的建立，一方面實踐了榮家兄弟的社會理念，另一方面也直接帶來了生產效率的提高，榮德生經常在週末集體訓話時宣傳自己的“自治主張”：“廠方的利益，就是各工友的利益，勞資應該充分合作，團結一致，否則皮之不存，毛將焉附？”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;從1934年開始，中國經濟陷入了一場空前的大蕭條。&lt;br /&gt;一切大的危機都是內外交困的結果，此次也不例外。內因是已經描述過的種種亂世景象，外因卻非常奇特，竟然是受了“羅斯福新政”的影響。當時的中國人中知道羅斯福這個美國總統的大概不會超過500人，他卻影響了至少5000萬人的生計。&lt;br /&gt;美國經濟從1929年的“黑色星期四”開始崩塌，其後四年慘不忍睹。1933年4月，佛蘭克林•D•羅斯福接替焦頭爛額的胡佛擔任美國總統。他以“看得見的手”推出了眾多強勢的國家干預政策，包括禁止私人儲存黃金和黃金證券、使美元貶值40.94%以及加大重工業和基礎設施的投資等等，把美國經濟拉出了泥潭，這就是著名的“羅斯福新政”。新政中很重要的一項是暫時放棄金本位，這直接導致了世界白銀市場的價格大漲，白銀每盎司價格從1932年的0.27美元上漲到1933年4月的0.45美元，到1935年更升至0.67美元。羅斯福的政策刺激了美國經濟的復蘇，卻“意外”地傷害到了大洋另一端脆弱的中國經濟。白銀漲價讓中國的銀元快速增值，直接導致中國商品在國際市場上的價格優勢頓失，商品出口大幅減少，而在國內則誘發了金融和工商業動盪，大量白銀外泄、原材料價格跌落、消費市場陷入低迷。&lt;br /&gt;民國經濟學家劉大鈞提供的資料反映了當時的景象：中國商品的淨出口從1931年的14.17億元猛降到1934年的5.35億元，棉紗出口從1929年的34萬擔降到1935年的24萬擔，生絲從42萬擔降到18萬擔，茶葉從94萬擔降到63萬擔。出口萎縮首先影響到農產品價格，從1931年到1934年，全國國民生產總值中的農業產值竟下降了47%，農村一片哀鴻蕭條。&lt;br /&gt;1934年7月4日，就在孔祥熙宣佈對日有利的新稅則的第二天，中國最大的民族紡織企業上海申新總公司公開登報，宣告“擱淺”。榮家兄弟陷入創業以來的最大危機，當時的兇險景象竟與12年前發生在南通張謇身上的那一幕驚人相似。&lt;br /&gt;就在兩年前，榮家事業還處在巔峰。當時申新紗廠約占全國民族資本棉紗廠紗錠數的20%，布機數占28%，茂新和福新的麵粉廠規模占全國同行業的1/3左右，占上海市的1/2，其旗下企業總數達21家，赫然是當時國內規模第一的民營實業集團。榮宗敬曾很得意地對友人說：“當今中國人，有一半是穿我的、吃我的。”1933年是他的60歲大壽，在賀壽堂會上，他很興奮地對濟濟一堂的賓客說：“烈士暮年，壯心不已，吾今已屆六十，紗錠數達到六十萬，我還要活到七十歲、八十歲，紗錠要達到七十萬、八十萬……”堂下，一片歡騰喝彩聲。&lt;br /&gt;榮家事業的迅猛發展靠的是瘋狂的舉債擴張戰略。就在榮宗敬講那番豪言的時候，申新資產共值6898萬銀元，而負債達6375萬銀元，處在一個十分緊繃的狀態中。轉眼間，市場突變，榮家首當其衝。到1934年初，榮家麵粉工廠全面停產，申新各廠也風雨飄搖。榮宗敬在給友人的信中說：“花貴紗賤，不敷成本，織紗成布，布價僅及紗價，銷路不暢，存貨山積。”到1934年3月，上海所有銀行已無一家肯對榮家放款，連榮氏參股的16家錢莊也關上了大門。榮宗敬一度急得要自殺，陳光甫和宋漢章兩人在榮宅陪他一宿，溫言相勸，他才算是沒有走上絕路。在申新宣告“擱淺”前幾天，陳光甫天天都在申新總公司等到深夜一兩點。客觀而言，榮家之所以會陷入如此大的危機，與榮宗敬的激進做法有很大關係。很多年後，陳光甫評論說：“榮宗敬的申新企業是全國紡織企業中最大的，為了增加銀行存款，鞏固我們的地位，我們樂意與他合作；而他當時急需資金來更新擴大，自然也希望與我們合作。結果，沒有充分調查他的實際需要和個人性格，我們就提供了大筆貸款給他，導致我們資金周轉困難，甚至影響了活期存款的運行。”&lt;br /&gt;好在榮家還有一個稍稍保守的榮德生。6月28日，榮宗敬派人到無錫向弟弟求救，族內有人擔心，去救上海申新會把無錫的產業也拖進泥潭。榮德生執一茶壺在手說：“我與哥哥好比這個壺，一經破裂，雖持半壺在手，亦複何用？”他當夜把家中所有的地契和有價證券全部收羅起來，第二天清晨就趕到上海，在陳光甫、宋漢章的斡旋下，中國銀行和上海銀行聯合借款220萬元，這才稍解燃眉之急。&lt;br /&gt;但是，區區200多萬元僅夠榮家多吸幾天的氧氣，當時申新總公司每年的通稅和利息支出就在1000萬元以上。一周後，申新不得不登報宣告“擱淺”。&lt;br /&gt;榮家若垮，中國民族紡織業和麵粉業的半壁江山就塌掉了，這是人人皆知的事實。而且，與華商在這兩個市場上競爭最激烈的就是日本企業，它們在棉紡織業擁有1/3左右的市場份額，幾年來的抵制日貨運動和宋子文的反日政策曾經讓它們元氣大傷，但是現在孔祥熙的新稅則及經濟危機卻給了日本企業反撲的大好機遇。很顯然，這裏正進行著一場沒有硝煙的“抗日戰爭”。&lt;br /&gt;這時候，唯一能救榮家的，只有國民政府了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1937年7月10日，是上海市政府成立10周年紀念日，而再過一個月，就是南京國民政府成立10周年紀念日。上海市中心舉行了盛大的慶祝大會，近萬人湧進會場觀看慶祝儀式，並參觀了6個成就展覽。這時候的上海正宛若一顆“東方明珠”，全國金融業資產的3/4聚集在這裏。53%的對外貿易和25%的國內外航運通過這裏運轉。在現代製造業方面，上海是“民族工業的中心”，全國近4000家現代工廠中，有1200多家開設於此，無論是資本投資額、現代新式機器的使用，還是勞動力的規模，上海都堪稱第一。這一天的上海灘，到處洋溢著快樂的激情。但是，一本關注時局的雜誌《人民論壇》則刊登了一篇時評，題為《上海成立日慶典的幽靈》。作者寫道：“總有一個幽靈遊蕩在慶祝活動中：戰爭的幽靈。”&lt;br /&gt;就在三天前，日本軍隊在北平附近的盧溝橋對中國軍隊發動了攻擊，它被稱為“七七事變”。從這一天起，中國捲入一場長達8年的艱苦抗戰。&lt;br /&gt;8月8日，日軍攻入北平城，隨即長驅南下進擊上海，超過400萬難民湧進租界。在後面的3個月裏，70萬中國軍隊進行了英勇的抵抗，11月8日上海淪陷。12月13日，首都南京淪陷，日軍實施了慘絕人寰的大屠殺，超過35萬軍民喪生。國民政府遷往重慶。日軍劍鋒直逼武漢，遙望重慶，東京宣稱將在3個月內滅亡中國。&lt;br /&gt;戰爭爆發了。一切都變得身不由己。&lt;br /&gt;在國家存亡的重大時刻，企業家們的事業是如此的脆弱，它如蠶絲在大風中飄蕩，大大小小的企業家跟那個時代中的每個中國人一樣，突然間與民族命運這個大道義站在了一起。&lt;br /&gt;就在這場改變了中國命運的戰爭到來之前，中國商業界的人們在做些什麼呢？&lt;br /&gt;……&lt;br /&gt;與官僚資本集團的骯髒不同，民營企業家們則正在自己的事業裏各自奮鬥。如果沒有戰爭，他們將迎來一個不錯的年份。&lt;br /&gt;榮宗敬正在與工程師們潛心研製新的機器，預計每月可造紗錠5000枚，每天可造新式布機8台，性能比日本、英國的同類機器還好，價格卻便宜一半。在過去的3年裏，榮家經歷了地獄般的煎熬，好在上蒼保佑，終於滾爬了過來，申新事業從上一年秋天開始重回正軌。夏天，榮德生的四兒子、21歲的榮毅仁從聖約翰大學畢業了，上年他剛剛與出身無錫望族的楊鑒清結婚，7月1日，風華正茂的榮毅仁被老榮派到茂新麵粉二廠擔任助理經理。他興致勃勃地草擬了一份計畫，準備在全國建幾十個麵粉廠，形成“麵粉托拉斯”。榮德生笑著對他說：“你的瘋狂勁頭不像我，倒像你大伯。”&lt;br /&gt;……&lt;br /&gt;然而，7月7日的炮火打斷了這所有的一切。&lt;br /&gt;榮家經略了30多年的龐大產業聚集於上海和江蘇，全數都在日軍的炮火覆蓋之下。淞滬會戰時，日軍與抵抗的十九路軍在閘北和滬東一線展開激戰，榮家的幾家工廠都在戰區內，均為日軍攻擊的目標。&lt;br /&gt;8月13日，申新五廠遭到攻擊，中日軍隊在廠區附近激烈交戰，工廠停產，日軍佔領廠區，所有設施全部被毀。隨即，申新六廠、七廠被戰火燒毀，多部機器被日軍拆毀；福新一、三、六廠被日軍強佔為辦事處和軍用材料的倉庫。日軍轟炸機向設備最為先進的申新一廠、八廠投下了18枚炸彈，當場炸死70多人，傷350多人，榮德生的大兒子榮偉仁險遭不測。日軍把紗料當被子，把機器和麵粉包當掩體。&lt;br /&gt;11月，上海失守後，榮家在上海的最強對手日本豐田紗廠—就是兩年前競購申新七廠未遂的那家日資企業—乘亂雇了一批日本浪人和流氓沖進申新八廠，用重磅榔頭把殘餘的126台精紡機盡數砸毀，車頭、馬達、油箱全部敲爛，皮帶盤、滾筒也都打得粉碎，還把倉庫裏的棉花、棉紗、棉布全都掠走。11月15日，無錫淪陷，日軍搶走茂新一廠倉庫裏的4萬袋麵粉，然後放火燒毀廠房機器，大火燒了半個月，榮家的發祥地變成一片瓦礫。申新三廠曾經為國軍製造過軍用服裝，更成日軍報復對象，他們用硫磺火藥和柴油焚燒了工廠和倉庫。&lt;br /&gt;戰事中，無錫、上海兩地企業設備被毀紗錠18.7萬枚、布機2726台、粉磨36部，榮家產業三去其二。面對慘景，榮家兄弟束手無策，他們唯一能做的事情是，儘量把工人疏散到安全的地帶，把茂新四廠庫存的幾萬包麵粉和數千擔小麥，全部運出來給中國軍隊做軍糧。&lt;br /&gt;……&lt;br /&gt;1937年11月，上海淪陷後，滬上幾乎所有知名的商賈大亨都星夜出逃避難，只有少數人因為各種原因留了下來。&lt;br /&gt;榮家兄弟決定一走一留。上海淪陷後，他們的生命面臨危險，畢竟在過去的那麼多年裏，他們一直是日本紡織和麵粉企業在中國市場的最大敵人。兩兄弟決定分擔去留，較為溫和、一直駐守無錫的榮德生到上海主持總務，大哥榮宗敬先離開躲避一下。&lt;br /&gt;1938年1月4日深夜，榮宗敬從榮公館的後門出走，乘上轎車疾馳在黃浦江邊，在月色掩護下登上小火輪，悄悄逃往香港。一個月後，65歲的他因焦慮過度，導致腦溢血突發，不治而逝，臨終遺言曰：“那些廠子，來之不易，千萬不能落到日本人手裏……你們好自為之，善自為之。”他的靈柩一直沒有入土，直到1943年9月才下葬家鄉無錫。戰爭期間，榮家在上海、江蘇的所有麵粉、棉紗工廠，除了租界內的申新二廠、九廠之外，或毀於戰火，或被日本公司接管，或遭浪人砸毀，全無倖免。&lt;br /&gt;此時，戰火由北而南，沿東南海岸線殘酷蔓延，這一線正是中國商業經濟最為繁華之地。自1870年的洋務運動以來，這個國家所積蓄的商業財富幾乎毀於旦夕。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;（摘自吴晓波著作《跌荡一百年》，标题系编者所加）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8921160121099304866?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' 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url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd7QmvZlm2I/AAAAAAAAAK4/xP41LfvC5WY/s72-c/%E8%8D%A3%E6%B0%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%B0%B1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-887667576309678908</id><published>2009-04-09T08:34:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-09T08:34:11.978-07:00</updated><title type='text'>聲音收藏之breaking_my_heart</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/1322-breaking_my_heart(michael_learns_to_rock"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/1322-breaking_my_heart(michael_learns_to_rock&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-887667576309678908?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/887667576309678908/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=887667576309678908' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/887667576309678908'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/887667576309678908'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/breakingmyheart_09.html' title='聲音收藏之breaking_my_heart'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8022457353286804257</id><published>2009-04-09T05:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-09T05:41:13.869-07:00</updated><title type='text'>紐約時報追問臥槽泥馬</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;A Dirty Pun Tweaks China’s Online Censors &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;By &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="More Articles by Michael Wines" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/w/michael_wines/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;MICHAEL WINES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;Published: March 11, 2009&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd3qUMP9YSI/AAAAAAAAAKw/b3pP15qNhn0/s1600-h/%E5%8D%A7%E6%A7%BD%E6%B3%A5%E9%A9%ACcomic_fanqiang.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322667967228240162" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 277px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd3qUMP9YSI/AAAAAAAAAKw/b3pP15qNhn0/s400/%E5%8D%A7%E6%A7%BD%E6%B3%A5%E9%A9%ACcomic_fanqiang.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;BEIJING — Since its first unheralded appearance in January on a Chinese Web page, the grass-mud horse has become nothing less than a phenomenon.&lt;br /&gt;A YouTube children’s song about the beast has drawn nearly 1.4 million viewers. A grass-mud horse cartoon has logged a quarter million more views. A nature documentary on its habits attracted 180,000 more. Stores are selling grass-mud horse dolls. Chinese intellectuals are writing treatises on the grass-mud horse’s social importance. The story of the grass-mud horse’s struggle against the evil river crab has spread far and wide across the Chinese online community.&lt;br /&gt;Not bad for a mythical creature whose name, in Chinese, sounds very much like an especially vile obscenity. Which is precisely the point.&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;a title="A video, in mandarin, of a seemingly innocent children’s song" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0"&gt;grass-mud horse&lt;/a&gt; is an example of something that, in &lt;a title="More news and information about China." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/china/index.html?inline=nyt-geo"&gt;China&lt;/a&gt;’s authoritarian system, passes as subversive behavior. Conceived as an impish protest against censorship, the foul-named little horse has not merely made government censors look ridiculous, although it has surely done that.&lt;br /&gt;It has also raised real questions about China’s ability to stanch the flow of information over the Internet — a project on which the Chinese government already has expended untold riches, and written countless software algorithms to weed deviant thought from the world’s largest cyber-community.&lt;br /&gt;Government computers scan Chinese cyberspace constantly, hunting for words and phrases that censors have dubbed inflammatory or seditious. When they find one, the offending blog or chat can be blocked within minutes.&lt;br /&gt;Xiao Qiang, an adjunct professor of journalism at the University of California, Berkeley, who oversees a project that monitors Chinese Web sites, said in an e-mail message that the grass-mud horse “has become an icon of resistance to censorship.”&lt;br /&gt;“The expression and &lt;a title="Animated rap, in mandarin, devoted to the grass-mud horse" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2Fl3q5gZNc"&gt;cartoon videos&lt;/a&gt; may seem like a juvenile response to an unreasonable rule,” he wrote. “But the fact that the vast online population has joined the chorus, from serious scholars to usually politically apathetic urban white-collar workers, shows how strongly this expression resonates.”&lt;br /&gt;Wang Xiaofeng, a journalist and blogger based in Beijing, said in an interview that the little animal neatly illustrates the futility of censorship. “When people have emotions or feelings they want to express, they need a space or channel,” he said. “It is like a water flow — if you block one direction, it flows to other directions, or overflows. There’s got to be an outlet.”&lt;br /&gt;China’s online population has always endured censorship, but the oversight increased markedly in December, after a pro-democracy movement led by highly regarded intellectuals, &lt;a title="translation of Charter 08" href="http://www.hrichina.org/public/contents/press?revision_id=89851&amp;amp;item_id=85717"&gt;Charter 08&lt;/a&gt;, released an online petition calling for an end to the Communist Party’s monopoly on power.&lt;br /&gt;Shortly afterward, government censors began a campaign, ostensibly against Internet pornography and other forms of deviance. By mid-February, the government effort had shut down more than 1,900 Web sites and 250 blogs — not only overtly pornographic sites, but also online discussion forums, instant-message groups and even cellphone &lt;a title="More articles about text messaging." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/t/text_messaging/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier"&gt;text messages&lt;/a&gt; in which political and other sensitive issues were broached.&lt;br /&gt;Among the most prominent Web sites that were closed down was &lt;a href="http://bullog.com/" target="_"&gt;bullog.com&lt;/a&gt;, a widely read forum whose liberal-minded bloggers had written in detail about Charter 08. &lt;a href="http://chinadigitaltimes.net/"&gt;China Digital Times&lt;/a&gt;, Mr. Xiao’s monitoring project at the University of California, called it “the most vicious crackdown in years.”&lt;br /&gt;It was against this background that the grass-mud horse and several mythical companions appeared in early January on the Chinese Internet portal Baidu. The creatures’ names, as written in Chinese, were innocent enough. But much as “bear” and “bare” have different meanings in English, their spoken names were double entendres with inarguably dirty second meanings.&lt;br /&gt;So while “grass-mud horse” sounds like a nasty curse in Chinese, its written Chinese characters are completely different, and its meaning —taken literally — is benign. Thus the beast not only has dodged censors’ computers, but has also eluded the government’s own ban on so-called offensive behavior.&lt;br /&gt;As depicted online, the grass-mud horse seems innocent enough at the start.&lt;br /&gt;An alpaca-like animal — in fact, the videos show alpacas — it lives in a desert whose name resembles yet another foul word. The horses are “courageous, tenacious and overcome the difficult environment,” a YouTube song about them says.&lt;br /&gt;But they face a problem: invading “river crabs” that are devouring their grassland. In spoken Chinese, “river crab” sounds very much like “harmony,” which in China’s cyberspace has become a synonym for censorship. Censored bloggers often say their posts have been “harmonized” — a term directly derived from President &lt;a title="More articles about Hu Jintao." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/h/hu_jintao/index.html?inline=nyt-per"&gt;Hu Jintao&lt;/a&gt;’s regular exhortations for Chinese citizens to create a harmonious society.&lt;br /&gt;In the end, one song says, the horses are victorious: “They defeated the river crabs in order to protect their grassland; river crabs forever disappeared from the Ma Le Ge Bi,” the desert.&lt;br /&gt;The online videos’ scenes of alpacas happily romping to the &lt;a title="More information about Disney, Walt, Co" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/disney_walt_company/index.html?inline=nyt-org"&gt;Disney&lt;/a&gt;-style sounds of a children’s chorus quickly turn shocking — then, to many Chinese, hilarious — as it becomes clear that the songs fairly burst with disgusting language.&lt;br /&gt;To Chinese intellectuals, the songs’ message is clearly subversive, a lesson that citizens can flout authority even as they appear to follow the rules. “Its underlying tone is: I know you do not allow me to say certain things. See, I am completely cooperative, right?” the Beijing Film Academy professor and social critic Cui Weiping wrote in her own blog. “I am singing a cute children’s song — I am a grass-mud horse! Even though it is heard by the entire world, you can’t say I’ve broken the law.”&lt;br /&gt;In an essay titled “&lt;a href="http://chinadigitaltimes.net/tag/grass-mud-horse/"&gt;I am a grass-mud horse&lt;/a&gt;,” Ms. Cui compared the anti-smut campaign to China’s 1983 “anti-spiritual pollution campaign,” another crusade against pornography whose broader aim was to crush Western-influenced critics of the ruling party.&lt;br /&gt;Another noted blogger, the Tsinghua University sociologist Guo Yuhua, called the grass-mud horse allusions “weapons of the weak” — the title of a book by the Yale political scientist James Scott describing how powerless peasants resisted dictatorial regimes.&lt;br /&gt;Of course, the government could decide to delete all Internet references to the phrase “grass-mud horse,” an easy task for its censorship software. But while China’s cybercitizens may be weak, they are also ingenious.&lt;br /&gt;The Shanghai blogger Uln already has an idea. Blogging tongue in cheek — or perhaps not — he recently suggested that online democracy advocates stop referring to Charter 08 by its name, and instead choose a different moniker. &lt;a title="“Why It Should Be Called ’Wang’“" href="http://www.chinayouren.com/eng/2009/01/charter-08-why-it-should-be-called-wang/"&gt;“Wang,” perhaps&lt;/a&gt;. Wang is a ubiquitous surname, and weeding out the subversive Wangs from the harmless ones might melt circuits in even the censors’ most powerful computer. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;Zhang Jing contributed research.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8022457353286804257?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/8022457353286804257/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=8022457353286804257' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8022457353286804257'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8022457353286804257'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_09.html' title='紐約時報追問臥槽泥馬'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd3qUMP9YSI/AAAAAAAAAKw/b3pP15qNhn0/s72-c/%E5%8D%A7%E6%A7%BD%E6%B3%A5%E9%A9%ACcomic_fanqiang.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-953187014620563051</id><published>2009-04-08T21:00:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-08T21:06:07.979-07:00</updated><title type='text'>泰式按摩與泰式民主</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd1z5nYMiGI/AAAAAAAAAKo/e2kfg5tYPeY/s1600-h/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BC%8F.png"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322537768281999458" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 247px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd1z5nYMiGI/AAAAAAAAAKo/e2kfg5tYPeY/s400/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BC%8F.png" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 泰國女技師拿著我的手錶端詳了好長時間。多長時間我忘記了。不過，我還是例行問了他們對於他信以及後任的預期。那是在去年了，地點是在香港機場酒店。&lt;br /&gt;她45歲左右，相信他信是治國能臣，“說話算數”。&lt;br /&gt;點（壓）法 、揉（拿）法、推法、劈叩法、踩（跪）法、運動關節法，都用上了。你會以為自己是在泰國。&lt;br /&gt;其實我一直對泰國美女懷有憧憬，主要是上次軍變之後，他信下臺，美女上街犒軍，看起來真的很美。&lt;br /&gt;上臺下臺的人，都屈膝于泰王跟前，身姿靈活。&lt;br /&gt;阿披實才當總理沒幾天，大風暴又開始了。他信捲土重來。&lt;br /&gt;這種動盪，很容易讓人想到，亞洲人的民主是靠不住的。陳水扁、盧武鉉也都糾纏於腐敗案漩渦。菲律賓的美式民主也一樣不管用，阿羅約的男人帶頭腐敗。&lt;br /&gt;其實太平洋那頭，奧巴馬也頭大，提名高官，個個曝出醜聞。&lt;br /&gt;俄羅斯官僚體系也面臨考驗。普京總理和梅德維傑夫總統看似不太和諧。&lt;br /&gt;告別2008年的選舉高峰，民主好像正被經濟危機所淹沒。還好，有泰國在，看似風起雲湧，實際，就像一群人按摩。民主的鐘擺，就這樣不停修復。&lt;br /&gt;民主嘛，就是要這樣推來拿去。頂頂背，動動腿。你還可以看到坦克旁邊妖嬈的美人和玫瑰，而不是鮮血淋淋。&lt;br /&gt;不許開槍，我要泰式按摩。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-953187014620563051?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/953187014620563051/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=953187014620563051' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/953187014620563051'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/953187014620563051'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_2138.html' title='泰式按摩與泰式民主'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd1z5nYMiGI/AAAAAAAAAKo/e2kfg5tYPeY/s72-c/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BC%8F.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-2490637864510916545</id><published>2009-04-08T18:39:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-08T18:39:43.862-07:00</updated><title type='text'>理想</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd1R2nhlfsI/AAAAAAAAAKg/WU5T-sFlwiY/s1600-h/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%90%86%E6%83%B320090409.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322500333386432194" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 304px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd1R2nhlfsI/AAAAAAAAAKg/WU5T-sFlwiY/s400/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%90%86%E6%83%B320090409.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-2490637864510916545?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/2490637864510916545/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=2490637864510916545' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2490637864510916545'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2490637864510916545'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_08.html' title='理想'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sd1R2nhlfsI/AAAAAAAAAKg/WU5T-sFlwiY/s72-c/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%90%86%E6%83%B320090409.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-2850552440199021228</id><published>2009-04-07T18:09:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-07T18:09:43.580-07:00</updated><title type='text'>表妹的簡歷</title><content type='html'>表妹要畢業了。弟弟發來她的簡歷。&lt;br /&gt;綜合獎學金情況：獲得一等獎學金1次、二等獎學金2次、三等獎學金2次。&lt;br /&gt;其他獲獎情況：2007年9月被評為 “三下鄉先進個人”；&lt;br /&gt;2007年5月獲學院“五四杯”演講賽一等獎；&lt;br /&gt;2006年9月獲“優秀實踐論文”獎；&lt;br /&gt;2006-2007年度被評為重慶市“優秀學生幹部”；&lt;br /&gt;2006-2007年度被評為 “優秀團幹部”；&lt;br /&gt;2006-2007年度被評為學院“優秀團幹部”；&lt;br /&gt;2005-2006年度被評為 “優秀團員”；&lt;br /&gt;2003-2005年度被評為 “文明大學生”。&lt;br /&gt;在校期間未受任何處分。&lt;br /&gt;參加社會活動：&lt;br /&gt;2005—2008年義務獻血共計四次；&lt;br /&gt;2007年5月組織策劃綠色校園行；&lt;br /&gt;2006年5月組織策劃學院“五四杯”演講賽；&lt;br /&gt;2006年4月組織策劃學院參與大學田徑運動會；&lt;br /&gt;2006年1月組織策劃學院新生團拜會。&lt;br /&gt;任職情況：&lt;br /&gt;2007年至今擔任學院學工助理；&lt;br /&gt;2006-2007學年度擔任學院團總支學生會副書記；&lt;br /&gt;2005-2006學年擔任學院2005級XX班班長。&lt;br /&gt;簡歷上寫到：身高162釐米。&lt;br /&gt;她是600萬畢業生裏面的一個。&lt;br /&gt;“2005—2008年義務獻血共計四次”寫進了簡歷。我有點心痛。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-2850552440199021228?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/2850552440199021228/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=2850552440199021228' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2850552440199021228'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/2850552440199021228'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_6942.html' title='表妹的簡歷'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-3569164708820183510</id><published>2009-04-07T02:19:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-07T02:29:56.654-07:00</updated><title type='text'>到哪里去</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdsczzW3JhI/AAAAAAAAAKY/kiK9WJ4V62c/s1600-h/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5321879060953376274" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 278px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdsczzW3JhI/AAAAAAAAAKY/kiK9WJ4V62c/s400/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;國家新聞出版總署日前印發《關於進一步推進新聞出版體制改革的指導意見》，提出：擴大對外交流，積極實施“走出去”戰略。充分利用國際國內兩種資源、兩個市場，努力推動新聞出版產品通過各種管道進入國外主流市場、國際漢文化圈和港澳臺地區。抓好“走出去”重大工程項目的組織實施工作，著力打造一批具有國際競爭力的外向型出版傳媒企業，打造具有重要影響力的國際出版版權交易平臺。加強出版物內容和形式的創新，採取多種措施鼓勵版權輸出和實物出口。鼓勵以政府資助方式進行優秀作品和著作的相互翻譯出版。鼓勵有條件的出版傳媒企業採取獨資、合資、合作等形式，到境外興辦報紙、期刊、出版社、印刷廠等實體，拓展國外和港澳臺地區市場，進一步擴大中華文化的國際影響力和傳播力。&lt;br /&gt;臺灣經濟日報報導時解讀稱：由於大陸迄今對於新聞出版品仍采高度管制，絕大多數報刊與雜誌仍隸屬於黨政機關。這些報刊雜誌基本上無需自行負擔盈虧，大陸報紙期刊數量之多，幾乎可以稱冠全球。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;网络流传的山寨版人民日报海外版&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-3569164708820183510?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/3569164708820183510/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=3569164708820183510' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3569164708820183510'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3569164708820183510'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_07.html' title='到哪里去'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdsczzW3JhI/AAAAAAAAAKY/kiK9WJ4V62c/s72-c/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-9130952839569126990</id><published>2009-04-06T18:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-06T18:41:27.831-07:00</updated><title type='text'>新聞週刊：陳竺這些留洋官員</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;China’s Best Westerns&lt;br /&gt;Chen Zhu is a new model Chinese leader, a non-communist who trained in the West.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;By &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://services.newsweek.com/search.aspx?q=Author:^" sortdirection="descending&amp;amp;sortField=pubdatetime&amp;amp;offset=0&amp;amp;pageSize=10'"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;Mary Hennock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;  NEWSWEEK&lt;br /&gt;Published Mar 28, 2009&lt;br /&gt;From the magazine issue dated Apr 6, 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the relative privacy of the minibus, Chen Zhu lets down his guard. "It's a shame," &lt;a class="related" title="China" href="http://www.newsweek.com/related.aspx?subject=China"&gt;China&lt;/a&gt;'s health minister almost whispers, glancing at his hands. Between stops on a whirlwind morale-boosting tour of &lt;a class="related" title="Beijing" href="http://www.newsweek.com/related.aspx?subject=Beijing"&gt;Beijing&lt;/a&gt;'s outlying health facilities, he's remembering the worst crisis since his appointment to the job in June 2007. "There was a warning," he says. When he heard of a strange epidemic of kidney stones among Chinese infants last September, his first thought was of the American dogs and cats that died after developing kidney stones from eating melamine-tainted pet food from China in 2007.&lt;br /&gt;Those pet deaths should have alerted China's food-safety authorities to the risk that melamine, which gives falsely high protein readings, might resurface in other foods, Chen says. "I believe there was not much attention paid to that [North American] case—not enough," says Chen, whose ministry took over food safety in mid-2008. "Otherwise, if the management was a little bit tighter …" Instead, corrupt officials tried to cover up the baby-formula problem for months. Six infants died and 300,000 were sickened because the formula wasn't taken off the market fast enough. "We cannot say 'If, if'," Chen adds. "We have to face the reality here. But these are the lessons we've learned." The minibus pulls up at Chen's next stop, and he climbs out, smiling and shaking hands.&lt;br /&gt;Evidence that these lessons have been taken to heart came this month, when China's Parliament passed a new food-safety law, ensuring that the issue is now overseen by a cabinet-level body and that Chen's Health Ministry leads a huge project aimed at improving Chinese standards. Beyond that, however, Chen's moment of introspection was remarkably revealing. Most apparatchiks are obsessed with projecting an air of determined competence, if not infallibility; mistakes are admitted only under duress.&lt;br /&gt;But Chen, 55, is no bland bureaucrat. He's only the second Chinese minister not to be a member of the Chinese Communist Party in 36 years. The first, Science and Technology Minister Wan Gang, was appointed in April 2007. The two of them are leading members of a generation of Chinese officials just now coming into power—men (and a few women) who take a more sophisticated approach to governing. They're defined by a "growing professionalism, a greater emphasis on functional expertise, a greater emphasis on actual performance as opposed to who might be in your network … [and] a growing emphasis on pure competence," says Kenneth Jarrett, a former U.S. diplomat who served as Asia director on the National Security Council from 2000 to 2001. Non–party members are growing increasingly influential in China's public life. Though there are no reliable statistics, Chen says that there are now many of them at the provincial level. "When I go to the provinces, I meet many people of this kind," he says.&lt;br /&gt;Many in this new generation of leaders were trained in the West and are heavily influenced by Western trends. Science and Technology Minister Wan got his doctorate at Germany's Clausthal Technical University in 1991 and later became a senior designer at Audi. He has since become the father of China's clean-energy R&amp;amp;D program, which involves both electric and hybrid vehicles. The mayor of the Chaoyang district in Beijing, Chen Gang (no relation), says he learned cutting-edge administrative techniques when he studied at Harvard and is now promoting greater transparency in dealing with citizens' complaints. The heads of some of China's most vital state-owned companies, including oil giant CNOOC, also studied abroad. Health Minister Chen studied at Paris's St-Louis Hospital. And his current job is of particular interest to the outside world, as he's responsible for day-to-day coordination on food safety, as well as tracking infectious diseases like bird flu.&lt;br /&gt;Chen has a refreshingly rough-hewn air. He's wearing a suit this day while making his rounds, but his rumpled mien somehow makes him look less like a CEO than the farmhand he once was. The son of two Shanghai doctors, Chen was sent to a dirt-poor village in Jiangxi province as a teenager during the Cultural Revolution. After realizing "my life in the countryside would be quite long," he says, he asked his parents to help him learn a few simple medical treatments. He performed his first operation on a woman with a stomach ulcer; the only anesthetic he had was a set of acupuncture needles, which he still considers a "simple but effective technology." He worked in the village as a "barefoot doctor" from 1970 to 1975. His reward came when a grateful local commune sent him to a district medical college, where he became a teacher.&lt;br /&gt;That was only the start of his medical education. In 1984, Chen was sent to continue his studies in Paris. He reveled in the wide-open style of learning he found there, a stark contrast to the deferential attitude of Chinese students reared on Confucian respect for their elders. Young medics at St-Louis tried to catch out their famous teachers with tough diagnostic puzzles. "Very grand professors," Chen recalls, "they laugh—they were so happy the interns are so smart." He cracks up at the memory. "I was so fortunate," he says of his time abroad.&lt;br /&gt;The number of other professionals sent abroad began to increase in the 1980s, creating a layer of technocrats now in their 40s and 50s and hitting their professional peak. Many of these students returned home with a newfound sense of confidence and independent thought. Zhong Nanshan, the Edinburgh-trained lung specialist who first identified SARS in 2003, recently told the British medical journal The Lancet what his Scottish training taught him: "Never believe what the authorities say is correct. Only believe what you yourself have observed."&lt;br /&gt;Home again in China, Chen made his mark, first as director of a Shanghai hematology lab (his global reputation as a blood scientist has earned him membership in the U.S. and French academies of science) and then as head of the National Human Genome Center, where he impressed visiting leaders. As health minister, he has won high praise from colleagues around the world. "He's a wonderful amalgamation of East and West," says Dr. Murray Lumpkin, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration deputy commissioner for international and special programs. "He's quite a sincere and down-to-earth guy," says Cris Tunon, head of the World Health Organization's program for food safety in China. "I have no hesitation about his serious interest in public health." Overseas experts particularly like the way Chen pursued the tainted-baby-formula case. "His actions have given us a great sense of hope and a great sense of confidence," says Lumpkin. The FDA has opened a Beijing office and is training China's food producers in U.S. safety laws.&lt;br /&gt;After a year and a half on the job, Chen is beginning to reshape his ministry. It has taken bold steps like inviting public comment on proposed reforms—"not a thing that normally happens," says Sarah Barber, a WHO officer who works on Chinese health policy. One of Chen's pet plans is now to install independent experts on hospital boards. "We must cut [out] the management from the oversight," he says. "Institutions can't be expected to monitor themselves objectively." Adding directors from outside will probably bring more non-party people into public life, but Chen says the communist establishment has already embraced that idea. "Non-party people are considered a very important political strength," he says. Of course, the Chinese Communist Party isn't about to embrace real pluralism, let alone multiparty democracy. But it does want to make sure it hears from China's best talent. With the country facing a massive slowdown in exports and declining growth, Beijing's leaders can't be sticklers for ideological purity. They, too, are facing reality.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-9130952839569126990?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/9130952839569126990/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=9130952839569126990' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/9130952839569126990'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/9130952839569126990'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_06.html' title='新聞週刊：陳竺這些留洋官員'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-3532721707034989726</id><published>2009-04-01T22:55:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T23:00:58.470-07:00</updated><title type='text'>G20標語</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTywcPRZI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/JZPKTkPs5Y0/s1600-h/G20%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319969191293306258" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 399px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 266px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTywcPRZI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/JZPKTkPs5Y0/s400/G20%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD3.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTuXWmXiI/AAAAAAAAAKI/sZif33WY-eU/s1600-h/G20%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319969115839290914" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 399px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 266px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTuXWmXiI/AAAAAAAAAKI/sZif33WY-eU/s400/G20%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD2.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTqepemNI/AAAAAAAAAKA/0K3nwc85pug/s1600-h/G20%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319969049078044882" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 264px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTqepemNI/AAAAAAAAAKA/0K3nwc85pug/s400/G20%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTjxWTNzI/AAAAAAAAAJ4/9R4U-0XOZHw/s1600-h/G20%E7%8C%AA%E5%9F%8E.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319968933838796594" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 229px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 344px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTjxWTNzI/AAAAAAAAAJ4/9R4U-0XOZHw/s400/G20%E7%8C%AA%E5%9F%8E.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTezKxWeI/AAAAAAAAAJw/ByjRw454ebM/s1600-h/G20%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD4.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319968848427964898" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 399px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 266px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTezKxWeI/AAAAAAAAAJw/ByjRw454ebM/s400/G20%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD4.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-3532721707034989726?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/3532721707034989726/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=3532721707034989726' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3532721707034989726'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3532721707034989726'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/g20.html' title='G20標語'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdRTywcPRZI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/JZPKTkPs5Y0/s72-c/G20%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD3.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-1281228546571602867</id><published>2009-04-01T22:28:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T22:33:30.017-07:00</updated><title type='text'>朝鮮駐上海貿易代表部代表夫人脫北抵韓</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;韓聯社首爾4月2日電&lt;/span&gt; 據悉，朝鮮駐上海貿易代表部代表（沉姓）的夫人李某，最近協同子女一起脫北，目前已抵達首爾。&lt;br /&gt;對朝消息人士2日表示：“李某於上月初通過我國駐新加坡大使館入境，按照脫北者的入境程式，目前正在接受聯合審查。”&lt;br /&gt;據悉，李某是在今年1月份趁丈夫返回平壤參加會議時，向我國駐新加坡大使館提出了保護申請。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;朝鮮駐上海貿易代表部&lt;/span&gt;是金正日2001年訪中時，經討論後設立的機構，主要負責對當地朝鮮企業的簽證發放業務。&lt;br /&gt;另外，脫北者在入境和聯合審查後，通常會入住教育機構Hanawon，但也有受到情報機構保護的例外情況。據悉，政府尚未就李某和其子女是否應接受Hanawon教育，做出最終決定。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;附件：脫北&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.1983年2月，朝鮮人民軍上尉李雄平（音）駕機（中國造米格－19）叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;2.1987年1月，金滿鐵（音）一家乘小型船舶由朝鮮西海（黃海）叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;3.1991年5月，朝鮮駐剛果大使館一等秘書高英煥（音）叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;4.1994年5月，朝鮮政務院總理姜成山的女婿康明道（音）叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;5.1994年7月，朝鮮金日成綜合大學教授趙明哲（音）叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;6.1995年12月，朝鮮大成貿易總社歐洲分社經理崔嵩石（音）一家四口叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;7.1997年2月，朝鮮勞動黨中央委員會書記局書記黃長燁（音）叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;8.1997年8月，朝鮮駐埃及大使張承吉（音）夫婦及其兄、朝鮮駐法國經濟參贊張承浩（音）叛逃美國。 9.1999年1月，朝鮮在德國柏林利益代表部秘書金英泌（音）夫婦叛逃美國。&lt;br /&gt;10.2000年10月，朝鮮駐泰國科技參贊洪錦訓（音）一家叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;11.2001年6月，張吉秀（音）等七人經由聯合國難民事務高級專員署駐華代表處叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;12.2002年3月，二十五人經由西班牙駐華大使館叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;13.2003年1月，八十餘人在中國煙臺港分乘兩艘小型船舶，叛逃韓國、日本，失敗。&lt;br /&gt;14.2004年6月，四人經由中國北京市內德國學校叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;15.2004年7月，朝鮮在東南亞勞務人員460余人由越南搭乘航班叛逃韓國。&lt;br /&gt;16.200年9月，二十九人經由中國北京市內日本學校叛逃韓國。（9月1日）&lt;br /&gt;17.2004年9月，九人試圖沖入中國上海市內美國國際學校，失敗。（9月27日）&lt;br /&gt;18.2004年9月，估計四十五人試圖沖入加拿大駐華大使館，其中4人成功。（9月29日）19.2004年10月，二十人試圖沖入韓國駐北京總領事館，成功。（10月15日）&lt;br /&gt;20.2004年10月，二十九人試圖沖入中國北京市內韓國國際學校，成功。（10月22日）21.2004年11月，六人分別試圖沖入法國、瑞典駐越南大使館，成功。&lt;br /&gt;22.2005年1月，八人試圖沖入中國北京市內日本學校，成功。（1月24日）&lt;br /&gt;23.2005年4月，九人試圖沖入中國大連市內韓國學校，成功。（4月6日）&lt;br /&gt;24.2005年6月，七人試圖沖入泰國駐越南大使館，成功。（6月8日）&lt;br /&gt;25.2005年8月，七人試圖沖入中國煙臺韓國學校，成功。（8月27日）&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-1281228546571602867?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/1281228546571602867/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=1281228546571602867' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1281228546571602867'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1281228546571602867'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_847.html' title='朝鮮駐上海貿易代表部代表夫人脫北抵韓'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-194273432802157255</id><published>2009-04-01T22:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T22:25:33.674-07:00</updated><title type='text'>盧武鉉·阿扁</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;[朝鮮日報社論] 盧武鉉的“清淨世界”暗藏諸多腐敗&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;檢方在調查中發現，泰光實業總裁朴淵次曾在去年2月盧武鉉總統卸任前向盧武鉉的侄女婿匯款500萬美元（約70億韓元）。樸淵次稱自己通過香港子公司APC的帳戶向盧武鉉的兄長盧建平的大女婿延某提供了這筆錢。延某今年36歲，2003年曾在朴淵次創立的軟體公司擔任董事6個月，去年4月設立並開始運營投資諮詢公司。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉方面表示：“最近才知道朴淵次曾向侄女婿匯款這件事。此事與盧武鉉沒有任何關係。”但樸淵次身邊人表示，身經百戰的樸淵次怎麼可能會和一個36歲的“小毛孩”做交易。也就是說，樸淵次實際上是將這筆錢送給盧武鉉作為卸任後的活動費用。當然其真實性需要由檢方查證。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉的政治“商標”是“沒有違規和腐敗的世界”。國民曾無數次從盧武鉉及其參謀口中聽到關於“沒有違規和腐敗的社會”的說辭，甚至耳朵上都快起了繭子。&lt;br /&gt;2002年4月，在民主黨總統候選人當選演講中，盧武鉉曾表示“各種腐敗事件就是因為無法擺脫特權意識和違規文化”，在5月的討論會上又說“如果當選總統，將清算黑暗的權力文化，讓調查機關做好自己的工作，而不是看總統的眼色行事”，2003年2月，他在總統就職儀式上表示：“容納違規和腐敗的時代已經結束。希望社會領導深刻反省。”在任期最後一年2007年1月舉行的新年記者會上還曾表示：“（在任期內）曾不止一次出現關於秘密資金、政官界賄賂的傳聞，但幸好結果都查出是清白的。”以此將盧武鉉5年政權定義為“清淨時代”。&lt;br /&gt;而如今，盧武鉉的兄長、侄女婿、家臣、親信和青瓦台首席秘書，接連因為像餓鬼投胎一樣收受大筆的賄賂而被檢方傳喚。這樣下去恐怕盧武鉉身邊剩不下幾個人。換句話說，在執政期間，盧武鉉身邊的人嘴上說著“正義”和“清廉”，而實際上卻在不停地非法享受權力所帶來的好處。不僅如此，在盧武鉉政權下，法官、檢察官和警界幹部都接受了盧武鉉的朋友的賄賂。因此，國民倍感憤怒，感覺就像受到背叛一樣。&lt;br /&gt;今後檢方的目標恐怕要指向盧武鉉本人。原以為總統本人的腐敗醜聞在全鬥煥、盧泰愚政權時期已經告終，但事實並非如此。&lt;br /&gt;朴淵次從1988年盧武鉉在釜山競選議員時開始，便以盧建平的名義購買土地，幫助盧武鉉籌集選舉資金，還幫助盧武鉉買入金海峰河村的土地。去年3月盧武鉉卸任後，他還以借款方式提供了15億韓元。朴淵次在盧武鉉執政期間低價收購了日進鬥金的農協子公司Huchems，在農協收購世宗證券之前通過股票交易賺取200億韓元差額等，以此壯大公司規模。很明顯，樸淵次通過不斷收買盧武鉉身邊的人，得到的利益數之不盡。朴淵次近日在通過律師接受採訪時表示：“與盧武鉉總統的緣分不是偶然，成為了命運。事到如今已無法隱瞞，將全部坦白。”樸淵次應該如自己所言，坦白一切真相，並對自己所做的一切付出代價。&lt;br /&gt;直到今年3月，盧武鉉還在個人主頁上發表了《不要搞政治》、《G20財長會議》、《聯合國安理會第1718號決議》等6篇發言稿。而在3月下旬檢方加快對樸淵次的調查進度後，盧武鉉便開始保持沉默。現在，國民想問盧武鉉的是“所謂‘沒有違規和腐敗的世界’就是這樣的嗎？”國民在等待盧武鉉會做何回應。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;盧武鉉捲入腐敗醜聞 “假廉政”現原形&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;盧武炫侄女婿被曝收受樸淵次500萬美元&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;朝鮮日報記者 鄭佑相，2009.04.01，朝鮮日報中文網 chn.chosun.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;韓國前總統盧武鉉每逢攻擊政敵或自己的無能受到指責時，都會像炫耀傳家寶一樣提出“道德政治”，然而現在，他們所謂的“道德政治”遭到重創。在任期間，部分親信以涉嫌貪污腐敗的罪名接受調查時，盧武鉉還否認說：“太不像話了，就像寫小說一樣。”但是，通過對樸淵次的調查，對他的兄長和核心親信以及他自己的調查範圍逐漸縮小後，他終於閉嘴。甚至連他的支持者也難掩對他的失望，紛紛表示：“到最後都相信他。但卻裝作很清廉，出現這樣的結果。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;◆ “廉潔政權”的實體水落石出&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉從2002年作為總統候選人時期開始，就一直攻擊牽涉到黑錢的政治圈並強調自己的存在。他針對政敵攻擊稱：“落後政治的核心就是金錢。如果收黑錢就會搞黑色政治，不是嗎？”圍繞在盧武鉉身邊的民運人士經常將道德性當作武器，這種對“落後政治”的攻擊促使他當選總統。&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉當選之後提出豪言壯語：“只要有非法委託行為就會讓其身敗名裂。”前任青瓦台高層負責人甚至說：“乘公車上班的青瓦台職員突然坐計程車上下班，就會立刻將其列為民政首席秘書官室的監視物件，在金錢這個問題上絕對清廉。”&lt;br /&gt;在盧武鉉的兄長盧建平的人事委託疑惑暴露出來時，盧武鉉說：“不要向沒有任何力量的鄉村老人磕頭。”對於親信接受的調查，他也維護稱：“就像在寫小說。”任期末國政運營出現千瘡百孔的時候，盧武鉉仍然信心百倍地說：“除了房地產問題之外，沒有什麼做錯的地方。”前青瓦台秘書室室長李炳浣曾表示：“盧武鉉政府在道德方面比歷屆任何政權都清廉。”&lt;br /&gt;但據對樸淵次的調查結果顯示，“沒有任何力量的鄉村老人”盧建平不僅介入企業的收購和合併，收取黑錢，而且還調整執政黨選舉候選人，並作為中間人分配朴淵次提供的非法資金。盧武鉉的親信——民主黨議員李光宰和徐甲源因涉嫌收取樸淵次的錢而被拘留，正在接受調查。&lt;br /&gt;前民政首席秘書朴正圭、前市民社會首席秘書李康哲等其他親信也接連成為調查對象。最後隨著樸淵次的50億韓元進入盧武鉉的侄女婿口袋的事實被證實，檢察機關的調查已經快涉及到盧武鉉本身。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;◆ 卸任後試圖重新從政引來禍端？&lt;br /&gt;盧武鉉的多數支持者以前評價認為“儘管無能，但清廉”，但最近卻變成“無能又腐敗”。盧武鉉原本當作最後“保護傘”的民主黨也在高喊“查明真相”。民主黨政策委議長朴炳錫3月31日表示：“不論現政權還是前政權，不論是誰執政，一定要查明真相。” 民主黨發言人盧英敏也表示：“如果有一絲疑惑，不論是誰，都有可能成為調查對象。”&lt;br /&gt;民主黨抗議稱，對李光宰、徐甲源等人的調查是有故意性的“標的調查”。但唯獨對盧武鉉的問題，事實上保持沉默。盧武鉉卸任後，對青瓦台資料洩露事件，通過自己的網站進行了互聯網政治。而這一舉動引起民主黨的不滿，並最終遭到民主黨的徹底拋棄。儘管盧武鉉自己否認，但在野黨內仍有人以懷疑的眼神質問盧武鉉是否要糾集“親盧”勢力再次展開政治活動。民主黨一位重量級議員表示：“無法理解前總統將青瓦台資料帶到家裏並製作網站進行政治性發言。提供大選失敗原因的當事者還有什麼臉面想介入政治？”&lt;br /&gt;有分析認為，現政權對盧武鉉身邊人士進行高強度調查與他重整政治的舉動不無關係。在野黨內部甚至有傳聞說，樸淵次給盧武鉉侄女婿的50億韓元可能是盧武鉉重新搞政治的基礎資金。但盧武鉉方面稱：“這一50億韓元問題似乎不是我們應予以確認的問題。”&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-194273432802157255?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/194273432802157255/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=194273432802157255' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/194273432802157255'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/194273432802157255'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_726.html' title='盧武鉉·阿扁'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-3744402004044744146</id><published>2009-04-01T21:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T21:08:30.764-07:00</updated><title type='text'>胡耀邦戰地詩一首</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdQ558x3sYI/AAAAAAAAAJo/wn-mUdCfmo8/s1600-h/%E8%83%A1%E8%80%80%E9%82%A6%E6%88%98%E5%9C%BA.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319940727562023298" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 294px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdQ558x3sYI/AAAAAAAAAJo/wn-mUdCfmo8/s400/%E8%83%A1%E8%80%80%E9%82%A6%E6%88%98%E5%9C%BA.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-3744402004044744146?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/3744402004044744146/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=3744402004044744146' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3744402004044744146'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3744402004044744146'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post_01.html' title='胡耀邦戰地詩一首'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdQ558x3sYI/AAAAAAAAAJo/wn-mUdCfmo8/s72-c/%E8%83%A1%E8%80%80%E9%82%A6%E6%88%98%E5%9C%BA.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8974845215835427468</id><published>2009-04-01T19:32:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T19:33:30.207-07:00</updated><title type='text'>雷瘋</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdQj0OL6SwI/AAAAAAAAAJg/qAcsx_UVVZ8/s1600-h/%E7%94%B0%E4%BA%AE%E9%9B%B7%E9%94%8B.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319916439899622146" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 266px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdQj0OL6SwI/AAAAAAAAAJg/qAcsx_UVVZ8/s400/%E7%94%B0%E4%BA%AE%E9%9B%B7%E9%94%8B.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8974845215835427468?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/8974845215835427468/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=8974845215835427468' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8974845215835427468'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8974845215835427468'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post.html' title='雷瘋'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SdQj0OL6SwI/AAAAAAAAAJg/qAcsx_UVVZ8/s72-c/%E7%94%B0%E4%BA%AE%E9%9B%B7%E9%94%8B.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-5515628539750729378</id><published>2009-03-31T01:04:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-31T01:04:51.667-07:00</updated><title type='text'>民主與民生：一雞兩吃</title><content type='html'>上週末到臨安去。4位同事先行，外帶10齡童一名。5人在一家私家菜館吃晚飯。老闆報菜，說半隻雞，賣78元。同事選擇一雞兩吃。結果，還是半隻雞，結帳156元。&lt;br /&gt;兩吃，仿佛就增量了。就像增量的民主一樣。民主與民生，分開來談，也不能帶來增量的。民主和民生，都是雞。而且屬於一隻雞，只是分成兩種吃法而已。增加民生不能替代民主，這是對的。不過，這裏有個暗示，似乎我們的民生，已經取得了很大成功，造成增量的假像。&lt;br /&gt;中國的財富，不是在大眾手裏，而是被一個小集團所控制。這很糟糕。或者說，民生和民主還一樣少。&lt;br /&gt;中國的民主與民生，一起只能值78元，而不是156元。&lt;br /&gt;據同事說，他們後來報警了。他們被帶到了警局。而老闆，是自己開車去的。儘管老闆很囂張，結果是，那頓飯帳還是單免了。&lt;br /&gt;民主和民生，必須份量都足。不然，十幾億中國國民，是不會善罷甘休的。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-5515628539750729378?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/5515628539750729378/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=5515628539750729378' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5515628539750729378'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/5515628539750729378'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_31.html' title='民主與民生：一雞兩吃'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-7424067366224397168</id><published>2009-03-26T05:57:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-26T05:58:33.913-07:00</updated><title type='text'>新書20090326</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sct78v97OGI/AAAAAAAAAJY/AZHuODXeTmI/s1600-h/%E6%96%B0%E4%B9%A6%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%AC.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317480068639570018" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 245px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sct78v97OGI/AAAAAAAAAJY/AZHuODXeTmI/s400/%E6%96%B0%E4%B9%A6%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%AC.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-7424067366224397168?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/7424067366224397168/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=7424067366224397168' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7424067366224397168'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7424067366224397168'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/20090326.html' title='新書20090326'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sct78v97OGI/AAAAAAAAAJY/AZHuODXeTmI/s72-c/%E6%96%B0%E4%B9%A6%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%AC.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-3256399831752060151</id><published>2009-03-25T21:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-26T04:57:52.284-07:00</updated><title type='text'>紀念海子</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScsJFn5jHuI/AAAAAAAAAJQ/184vEWwcbVs/s1600-h/%E6%B5%B7%E5%AD%90.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317353777255358178" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 259px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScsJFn5jHuI/AAAAAAAAAJQ/184vEWwcbVs/s400/%E6%B5%B7%E5%AD%90.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;除了自己&lt;br /&gt;誰也無法修建如此寬廣的牢獄，&lt;br /&gt;通向太陽的山。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;七摞書，完成隔離。&lt;br /&gt;林青霞被遺忘。&lt;br /&gt;海子還在。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;前天，我剛送走一位詩人。&lt;br /&gt;他背著行囊，去紀念。&lt;br /&gt;他不知道紀念誰。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;死亡&lt;br /&gt;就像風，定要穿越麥地。&lt;br /&gt;就像，桌上不修剪的雀梅。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2009.03.26&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-3256399831752060151?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/3256399831752060151/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=3256399831752060151' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3256399831752060151'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3256399831752060151'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_1991.html' title='紀念海子'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScsJFn5jHuI/AAAAAAAAAJQ/184vEWwcbVs/s72-c/%E6%B5%B7%E5%AD%90.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-1466807998763259930</id><published>2009-03-25T18:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-25T19:52:36.643-07:00</updated><title type='text'>殺氣逼人</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scrrp52doSI/AAAAAAAAAJI/IR81iZoVGeI/s1600-h/%E8%92%8B%E7%BB%8F%E5%9B%BD.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317321415200710946" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 285px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scrrp52doSI/AAAAAAAAAJI/IR81iZoVGeI/s400/%E8%92%8B%E7%BB%8F%E5%9B%BD.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;“臺灣人為什麼要殺我？”&lt;br /&gt;鳳凰週刊2009年第九期（總第322期）封面報導《蔣經國的政治遺產》反復提到這句話。&lt;br /&gt;報導的封面主標題之下還有副題：百年誕辰臺灣再掀反思潮。&lt;br /&gt;1970年4月24日，暮年蔣經國在紐約遇刺。周圍抗議聲聲。刺客大呼“為臺灣人報血債冤仇！”&lt;br /&gt;直到1987年，蔣經國終於承認自己“是中國人，也是臺灣人”。&lt;br /&gt;特約撰稿員楊素寫了篇《跨越時空的交棒：從蔣經國到馬英九》。略提李登輝，沒有提到陳水扁。&lt;br /&gt;陳水扁身處牢獄。即便如此，他還是認為自己受到政治迫害。&lt;br /&gt;“4·24”案和“3·19”案的槍聲，如此淒厲。&lt;br /&gt;不知道陳水扁有沒有問自己：他們為什麼要殺我？&lt;br /&gt;中華文化裏的政治刺殺，由來已久。&lt;br /&gt;晚清，諸多革命人士都有刺殺經歷。孫中山秘書馮自由《革命逸史》記錄詳多。&lt;br /&gt;懷有中國的國民黨，在蔣經國的時代，遇到了刺殺。&lt;br /&gt;退敗臺灣，國民黨遇到了陳水扁被刺殺。&lt;br /&gt;鳳凰週刊提到蔣經國與秘書馬英九的對話，十分精彩，也意義重大。&lt;br /&gt;蔣經國問馬英九，“戒嚴”一詞在英語世界的含義以及觀感。&lt;br /&gt;馬英九說，戒嚴的英文意義是“軍事管制”，“沒有法律”。&lt;br /&gt;蔣經國連說：“我們沒有這樣啊。”&lt;br /&gt;鳳凰週刊的採編人員以“從逆勢獨夫到順勢英雄”這樣的小標題，表述蔣經國的轉變。&lt;br /&gt;臺灣迷惑於身份的不確定。這種不確定才是臺灣政治悲情的根源。那兩次槍聲，刺殺出了臺灣人的傷。&lt;br /&gt;而在大陸，聽到的不止是槍聲，那些來自工族和農民的呐喊，與國民黨舊大陸對響。&lt;br /&gt;或許，大陸执政也應該像蔣經國29年前那樣自問：他們為什麼要殺我！&lt;br /&gt;停止理直氣壯。轉變才會真的開始。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-1466807998763259930?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/1466807998763259930/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=1466807998763259930' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1466807998763259930'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1466807998763259930'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_25.html' title='殺氣逼人'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scrrp52doSI/AAAAAAAAAJI/IR81iZoVGeI/s72-c/%E8%92%8B%E7%BB%8F%E5%9B%BD.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8383278277889684336</id><published>2009-03-24T19:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-24T19:10:53.771-07:00</updated><title type='text'>關於儲蓄率問題的思考</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;中國央行行長周小川繼週一呼籲創建一個新的國際儲備貨幣後﹐週二在央行網站上再度發表題為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://www.pbc.gov.cn/detail.asp?col=4200&amp;amp;id=283" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;《關於儲蓄率問題的思考》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;的文章稱﹐美元在全球金融體系中的主導地位促使資金流向美國﹐損害了美國的長期利益。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;周小川&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;關於儲蓄和消費行為規律﹐至今經濟學和統計上尚未有令人滿意的解釋。隨著金融危機不斷蔓延﹐近期各界對危機原因的討論升溫﹐部分觀點將東亞和產油國較高的儲蓄率視為全球失衡和危機的主要原因之一。本文旨在探討影響儲蓄的因素﹐分析造成東亞和產油國較高儲蓄率及美國低儲蓄率的原因﹐簡要介紹了中國儲蓄率的變動情況及調整思路﹐並提出調整儲蓄率的可能選擇。本文主要觀點已在2009年2月10日馬來西亞央行高級研討會上做了探討。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;一、影響儲蓄率的因素&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;本文所指的儲蓄是廣義概念﹐包括狹義的國內儲蓄、國際收支經常賬戶順差及外匯儲備。目前﹐尚無充分可信的學術研究說明儲蓄率高低與特定因素﹐如以人均GDP衡量的富裕程度、匯率、金融媒介和資本市場發育程度、民族傳統、人口結構、社會保障的優劣等相關。匯率與儲蓄率在統計上存在相關關係﹐但相關係數不高且統計檢驗不顯著﹐似乎不能僅靠調整匯率來調整儲蓄率。&lt;br /&gt;分析決定儲蓄率的主要因素是各國政策選擇時無法迴避的﹐只有弄清導致高儲蓄率的因素及權重﹐才能找到有效的調整工具。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;二、東亞國家和產油國儲蓄率高有多重原因&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;東亞國家儲蓄率偏高有多重原因：一是民族傳統。東亞受儒家思想影響﹐有崇尚節儉、自律、提倡克制、中庸（低調）、反對奢華等傳統。二是文化因素。可能需從大量教科書和文學作品中找出文化差異。與東亞相似﹐拉美國家並不富裕但儲蓄率也並不高﹐因為居民拿到工資後很快就消費光了﹐其中就有文化因素。三是家庭結構。東亞家庭結構緊密﹐社會對家庭依賴程度高﹐家庭承擔著贍養老人、撫育子女等大量社會責任。四是人口結構和經濟增長階段。從弗蘭克×莫迪利亞尼的生命週期假說考察﹐壯年人口在總人口中比例增加﹐會使個人儲蓄增加以備將來養老、醫療之需﹔從經濟增長階段考察﹐經濟非同尋常的高速增長將使多數增加的收入轉為儲蓄﹐導致儲蓄率高於正常比例。中國正好符合上述條件﹐儲蓄率高不難理解。日美兩國對比也可說明上述因素的作用。日美均屬發達國家、人均收入高、社會保障體系各有缺陷﹐但日本儲蓄率遠高於美國﹐主要因為其在社會文化、家庭觀念、人口結構等方面與其他東亞經濟體十分相似。&lt;br /&gt;社保體係不完善導致儲蓄率高邏輯上正確﹐但並無太多實證支持﹐且該觀點以理性人為假定﹐認為社保體係不健全時﹐人會通過增加儲蓄預防未來醫療、養老等需求﹐但實際上不一定成立。&lt;br /&gt;產油國高儲蓄率也有客觀成因。產油國禀賦特殊﹐地下埋藏的石油財富遠超出正常消費需要﹐必然以儲蓄方式積累下來。&lt;br /&gt;經濟學初級教科書從供需和價格開始﹐使人們容易聯想是某一價格﹐如匯率和利率﹐在左右儲蓄和消費選擇。但事實上儲蓄率高低還與多種因素有關﹐不能簡單地認為通過名義匯率調整可以大幅改變儲蓄率。民族傳統、文化、家庭結構、人口、社會保障體制等都非短期內能夠改變﹐即使政策有效也需長時間顯效。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;三、亞洲金融危機對東亞儲蓄率的影響&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GDP中的儲蓄包括居民、企業和政府儲蓄。當總儲蓄大於國內投資、而對外投資又不足時﹐餘者就會轉化為外匯儲備。東亞國家儲蓄率與貿易不平衡問題從1997年後逐漸突出﹐對其分析需從亞洲金融危機對其經濟行為和儲蓄率的變化入手。&lt;br /&gt;東亞國家的高儲蓄率和外匯儲備﹐是對掠奪性投機的被動防範。危機前後﹐對沖基金肆意投機﹐短期先資本大量湧入後急劇逆轉﹐使東亞各國經濟雪上加霜。東亞人民受到驚嚇﹐並對這類投機行為充滿痛恨。危機後﹐不乏觀點認為缺乏管制的掠奪性投機是導致危機的重要原因﹐並希望國際社會加以必要監管﹐但部分國家出於種種考慮不主張監管掠奪性投機資金﹐也不認為需調整監管框架﹐相關國際組織也未能承擔對資本異常流動的監管責任﹐迫使東亞各國大量積累外匯儲備以求自保。&lt;br /&gt;東亞國家儲蓄率和經常項目順差提高也是國際組織救助方案的自然結果。在幫助東亞國家應對危機過程中﹐國際組織對本應加強管理的國際投機資本不置可否﹐對救助附加過多嚴格條件﹐並要求東亞國家加大緊縮力度：實施財政和貨幣緊縮、提高利率、減少財政赤字、增加外匯儲備。東亞國家十餘年來吸取了教訓﹐增加國際儲備和國內儲蓄﹐意在提高抵禦金融危機的能力。&lt;br /&gt;東亞國家自身在經濟發展模式、外債管理、制度建設等方面也有不足。危機後﹐各國大舉改革了企業和金融機構﹐同時完善社保體系﹐改革教育衛生製度﹐只是上述措施並非短期能夠見效。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;四、中國能否有效地調整儲蓄率&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;亞洲金融危機期間﹐中國作為負責任的大國﹐沒有採取人民幣貶值的政策﹐並為此付出了代價﹐經濟恢復一直較慢。中國當局克服困難、堅持穩定匯率﹐對阻止當時危機蔓延是有貢獻的。&lt;br /&gt;危機後﹐隨著中國市場化改革推進﹐企業和政府部門改革力度加大﹐企業特別是國有企業效益改善﹐政府財政狀況良好﹐居民收入穩步增長。 2002年後﹐儲蓄率開始顯著上升﹐且以居民儲蓄平穩增長﹐企業儲蓄明顯上升為突出特點。中國的儲蓄率從1998年前後的37.5%升至2007年49.9%﹐其中企業可支配收入佔國民可支配收入的比例從1997年的13%升至2007年的22.5%﹐而同期政府可支配收入的佔比僅上升2個百分點。&lt;br /&gt;目前﹐中國企業儲蓄佔GDP的比例已處於全球高水平﹐這與經濟轉軌過程未能充分解決企業成本/利潤扭曲密切相關。計劃經濟時期﹐工人的住房、醫療、養老等長期性支出都由企業和政府承擔﹐無需從工資中列支﹐居民的儲蓄動機不強﹐儲蓄被稱為“強制性儲蓄”﹐即排隊太長買不到東西。 90年代後的改革打破了“鐵飯碗”﹐企業不再直接負擔上述支出﹐但社保體係並未有效建立﹐居民預防性儲蓄動機顯著增強﹔同時﹐由於勞工工資成本的真實化進程是漸進的﹐企業未將成本扭曲形成的超高利潤轉移成工人養老、醫療和保險等支出﹐導致企業儲蓄顯著上升。這也是有人建議中國將上市公司部分國有股權劃撥給社保基金的重要原因。&lt;br /&gt;中國政府降低儲蓄率的意圖是明確的﹐2005年以來中國將擴大內需、刺激消費作為基本國策﹐其綜合效果必然是降低儲蓄率﹐但對影響儲蓄率的因素及其彈性、具體調整措施等仍需深入研究。&lt;br /&gt;此外﹐公共部門、國有企業等領域的改革仍不徹底﹐影響了儲蓄率的調整。儘管目前民營、私營企業已實現市場化和成本真實化﹐但政府機構體系沒有納入社會化管理﹐國有企業和國有控股企業的改革雖取得較大進展﹐但由於成本因素不確定﹐貨幣化程度不夠。當前應當加快政府部門改革和職能轉化。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;五、對美國家庭低儲蓄率的觀察&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;美國家庭儲蓄率變動大致經歷了兩個階段：一是上世紀90年代中期前長期維持在7-10％﹔二是1997年後﹐伴隨著“雙赤字”特別是貿易赤字顯著上升﹐儲蓄率顯著下降。有觀點認為﹐這是90年代中期後各方對美經濟“過度樂觀”（Euphoria）所致。 80年代末90年代初﹐前蘇聯和東歐中央計劃經濟體制解體﹐經濟滑入下行軌道﹔90年代日本經濟陷入長期停滯﹔歐洲經濟也因勞動力市場僵化等結構性問題表現不佳。美國作為全球第一大經濟體具有最優的經濟體制﹐似乎無人能敵﹐唯一能在增長模式上對其形成挑戰的是東亞模式﹐但1997年後﹐亞洲經濟也受到重挫。近年來﹐儘管美國經濟也遭遇了“9.11”和高科技泡沫破滅等衝擊﹐但表現出很強的靈活性和恢復能力﹐致使市場對其“過度樂觀”。這種觀點顯著影響著美國居民的儲蓄行為。由於此次危機規模空前﹐預期這種過度樂觀的情緒危機後會出現較大調整。&lt;br /&gt;從儲蓄率波動的時間分佈看﹐美國本輪低儲蓄始於上世紀90年代中後期﹐而東亞國家儲蓄率提高是在亞洲金融危機後﹐中國儲蓄率上升更是在2002年以後﹐兩者並不存在顯著的因果關係。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;六、儲蓄率調整的可能選擇&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;全球儲蓄率不平衡客觀存在﹐儲蓄率高低差異的原因多樣﹐似不能簡單地將儲蓄率高低說成只與匯率有關。希望某些長期特性在短期內改變不切實際﹐需從更廣泛的宏觀角度﹐綜合考慮。&lt;br /&gt;首先﹐解決儲蓄失衡問題﹐需要綜合藥方。儘管高消費-低儲蓄的經濟增長模式難以持續﹐但當下並非美國提升儲蓄率的最佳時機﹐還需同時平衡刺激消費和恢復經濟增長。東亞國家降低儲蓄率也需從增長模式、產業結構、價格體係等多方入手。當然﹐匯率形成機制改革也是其中一部分。在此次危機應對和調整中﹐中國通過擴大消費內需豐富經濟增長動力﹐4萬億經濟刺激計劃規模在全球位居前列﹐且以純支出型政策為主﹐注重改善民生、促進就業﹐增加農村地區及弱勢群體收入。&lt;br /&gt;其次﹐各國和國際組織應加大合作力度﹐加強對國際投機資本的監管。本次危機表明﹐需進一步加強對國際投機資本的監管﹐提高國際資本流動透明度。國際組織和有關國家應幫助發展中國家建立預警體系﹐防止掠奪性投機衝擊。國際社會應加強合作﹐完善救援機制。在新興市場出現短暫性國際收支危機時﹐國際救援措施應迅速﹐附加條件應適當減少﹐以提高新興市場國家的安全感。從國家層面講﹐會鼓勵這些國家減少外匯儲蓄﹐擴大內需。&lt;br /&gt;再次﹐合理引導儲蓄盈餘更多地流向發展中國家和新興市場經濟體。新興市場的儲蓄流向發達經濟體既不合理﹐也不符合後者尋求增加儲蓄的願望。東亞國家儲蓄率調整不可能在短時間內顯效﹐產油國高儲蓄率在油價未大幅下降前提下仍將維持較高水平﹐因此全球儲蓄不平衡在一段時期內仍會存在。為使儲蓄合理流動﹐提高全球資金配置效率﹐可以考慮將儲蓄盈餘更多引向其他發展中國家和新興市場﹐它們是未來全球經濟的高成長點﹐資源豐富、勞動力成本低﹐但缺乏發展必需的資金。&lt;br /&gt;最後﹐應繼續推進國際貨幣體系改革。當前﹐國際貿易和金融交易計價結算大部分都集中於美元﹐美元是最重要的國際儲備貨幣。據IMF統計﹐截至2007年底﹐美元外匯儲備仍佔63.9%。當一些國家儲蓄增加時﹐如表現為美元外匯儲備﹐就不可避免地使資金流向美國。雖然美國為克服金融危機短期內仍需資金繼續流入﹐但長期看﹐美國要調整經濟增長模式﹐並不希望資金都流向本國。同時﹐全球外匯資產過度集中於單一貨幣﹐容易出現事與願違的異常現象。因此﹐除加強監管合作、引導儲蓄資金合理流動外﹐國際社會還應推進國際貨幣體系改革﹐加強對主要儲備貨幣發行國經濟金融政策監督﹐提升特別提款權的地位和作用﹐長期內穩步推動國際貨幣體係向多元化發展。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8383278277889684336?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/8383278277889684336/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=8383278277889684336' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8383278277889684336'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8383278277889684336'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_24.html' title='關於儲蓄率問題的思考'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-8381088791040816615</id><published>2009-03-23T18:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-23T18:29:03.180-07:00</updated><title type='text'>聲音收藏Billy Joel之Honesty</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scg2eGrXZEI/AAAAAAAAAI4/HSApv2N3J2g/s1600-h/Billy+Joel.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316559250927346754" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 294px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scg2eGrXZEI/AAAAAAAAAI4/HSApv2N3J2g/s400/Billy+Joel.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;if you search for tenderness it isn t hard to find&lt;br /&gt;you can have the love you need to live&lt;br /&gt;but if you look truthfulness&lt;br /&gt;you might just as well be blind it always seems to be so hard to give&lt;br /&gt;honesty is such a lonely word everyone is so untrue&lt;br /&gt;honesty is hardly ever heard and mostly&lt;br /&gt;what i need from you&lt;br /&gt;i can always find someone to say the sympathize&lt;br /&gt;if i wear my heart out on my sleeve&lt;br /&gt;but i don t want some pretty face lies&lt;br /&gt;all you want is someone to believe&lt;br /&gt;honesty is such a lonely word everyone is so untrue&lt;br /&gt;honesty is hardly ever heard&lt;br /&gt;and mostly what i need from you&lt;br /&gt;i can find a lover&lt;br /&gt;i can find afriend&lt;br /&gt;i can have security until the bitter and&lt;br /&gt;anyone can comfort me with promises again i know i know&lt;br /&gt;when i m deep inside of me&lt;br /&gt;don t be too concerned i won t ask for nothing&lt;br /&gt;while i m gone but when i want sincerity&lt;br /&gt;tell me where else can i tyrn xoz you re the one that&lt;br /&gt;i depend upon honesty is such a lonely word&lt;br /&gt;everyone is so untrue honesty is hardly ever heard&lt;br /&gt;and mostly what i need from you&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/2822-honesty(billy_joel"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/2822-honesty(billy_joel&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-8381088791040816615?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/8381088791040816615/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=8381088791040816615' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8381088791040816615'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/8381088791040816615'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/billy-joel.html' title='聲音收藏Billy Joel之Honesty'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scg2eGrXZEI/AAAAAAAAAI4/HSApv2N3J2g/s72-c/Billy+Joel.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-3390558261428625479</id><published>2009-03-23T18:09:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-23T18:09:33.977-07:00</updated><title type='text'>記者這碗飯：比那煙花還寂寞</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;路透亞洲私募股權記者 陳澍 / 文&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我身邊有很多朋友喜歡和記者打交道，當然也有很多人一聽到“記者”這兩個字就很反感。這本來就是一個相對特殊的行業，有人覺得記者是一份夢寐以求的工作，有人卻覺得記者做的事情很多時候都是“吃力不討好”。&lt;br /&gt;如果算上大學時代當實習記者的日子，我做新聞記者已經七年多。俗話說“七年之癢”，回首過去七年，“癢”的時候有不少，開心的日子也有很多。歲月如歌，那些曾經和我一起搶新聞的兄弟姐妹們如今大都已另謀高就。&lt;br /&gt;其實幹什麼行業都是一樣，有人的地方就有成功，成功也有一個母親叫做失敗。大家通常都說記者靠“筆”吃飯（如今更確切地應該說靠“打字”吃飯），洋洋灑灑一篇報導，自己的名字高高在上，每天動不動就有好幾萬讀者，名氣也隨之日積月累，水漲船高。&lt;br /&gt;這碗飯聽上去是不是好簡單？&lt;br /&gt;我有一個好朋友，這裏暫且稱他為Y。Y先生如今在中國的一家主流日報做頭版編輯，30歲的人因為抽煙太多，如今看上去略帶40歲的滄桑。Y先生喜歡把自己的工作形容為“車間主任”，他手下的記者就是所謂的“碼字工”，每天就這樣一個字、一個字地把新聞產品給“碼”出來。好的產品貼上“獨家”或者“頭條”的標誌，普通的就貼上“合格”，湊滿一個版面正好。&lt;br /&gt;日復一日，年復一年，經Y先生簽字畫押的新聞產品越來越多，而他的煙也隨著難耐的職業性寂寞越抽越多。&lt;br /&gt;日報早上出版，所以通常編輯最忙的時候就是晚上的八九點鐘。遇到突發新聞，通宵達旦那更是家常便飯。也不知道從何談起，好像按照中國人的習慣，茶葉和香煙自然而然成了日報記者和編輯的最愛。&lt;br /&gt;Y先生如今還是單身，女朋友談過兩三個，似乎沒有一個願意陪他守住這份職業性寂寞。&lt;br /&gt;如果說報紙的編輯還有時間喝茶抽煙，那麼通訊社的記者常常會忙得好像連喘氣的機會都很難得。&lt;br /&gt;我有一個同事，這裏暫且稱他為L。L先生年輕時曾是新華社駐中東地區的首席記者，他去伊拉克寫新聞的時候，世界上還沒有一個叫CNN的頻道。L先生如今已是兩個兒子的父親，問他會不會鼓勵兒子將來也從事記者這個職業，L先生坦言：“我想還是做醫生或者律師比較好”。我沒有問他為什麼，因為我自己都能隨口說出很多個“因為”。&lt;br /&gt;雖說不願意看到子繼父業，L先生對自己的記者工作卻是幾十年如一日地充滿激情，實在是難得。L先生說記者這碗飯是讓他“人老心不老”的關鍵。每天起來都預感有大事發生，即便沒有大事，至少每天也不缺新鮮事或者新奇事。你不僅經常是第一個知道的，而且更令你感到驕傲的是你可能還是第一個讓全世界知道的。&lt;br /&gt;當年毛澤東曾對中國官方通訊社新華社下達最高指示，稱新華社的任務就是“要把地球管起來”（To put the earth under control），如今這條標語據說在遍及全球的新華社分社辦公樓裏還能找到。西方新聞界也經常把記者喻為“無冕之王”，意思是說記者享有淩駕于社會之上的特殊地位。這些說法都表達了對記者這碗飯的肯定和尊崇。&lt;br /&gt;我在大學裏學的是經濟學，畢業時全班只有我一個人成了一名新聞記者。有時候我難免會想，一開始就選擇吃記者這碗飯也許很大程度上是DNA在作怪，因為我的父親也曾經是一名記者，他的記者生涯最早可以追溯到他在北京的中央新聞紀錄電影製片廠為毛澤東等新中國第一代領導人拍攝紀錄片的“光輝歲月”。&lt;br /&gt;父親當年是一名攝影記者，而我後來則成了文字記者。聽我媽媽講，在我很小的時候，父親在桌上剪膠捲，我就在地上跟著撿他不要的“廢片”，然後收藏在一個如今已經生銹的柯達牌（Kodak）鐵皮罐頭裏，總是如獲至寶一般的興奮。也許正是出於這份天生對記者工作的親切感，畢業後我也就偶然中帶有必然地吃上了記者這碗飯。&lt;br /&gt;某年同學聚會，一位已在某家美國投資銀行混得“副總裁”頭銜的同學試圖分析我的職業，他對記者工作的歸納顯得很通俗易懂。“記者不就是這裏開會，那裏吃喝，然後每天晚上寫個稿子交差？”&lt;br /&gt;我問他的“副總裁”日子過的如何，同學回答也很簡單：“和你差不多，這裏開會，那裏吃喝，然後運氣好就能推動幾億甚至幾十億美元的IPO”。&lt;br /&gt;末了，我的另一個做律師的同學對我們的這番談話作出總結性陳詞：過程類似，結果不同。&lt;br /&gt;後來遇到對記者這碗飯有類似認識的朋友還真不少，包括我的朋友Y先生的一位前女友，據說他們分手的原因之一就在於女方認定Y先生工作如此“悠閒”，卻沒有好好想念她，照顧她。至於一些對記者有反感的人，很大程度上是受到類似戴安娜王妃和“狗崽隊”事件的困擾，也有一些受過新聞傷害的名人，可謂“一朝被蛇咬”，一見到記者就怒火中燒。&lt;br /&gt;曾經也有朋友把我的職業和麥當勞餐廳的服務員相提並論。如今全世界就一個關鍵字“忙”，新聞也好比麥當勞的漢堡包，兩口三口就吞下去，於是再大的新聞過了今天也就成了舊聞，直到某天會因為某個歷史事件而被學者在某個圖書館的館藏裏再找出來討論一番。&lt;br /&gt;我也經常聽身邊的女記者們抱怨說記者這碗飯對她們來說好比是做空中小姐，都是一碗“青春飯”。年紀輕的時候還有力氣在外面跑，30歲一過，每天最害怕的事情就是照鏡子，哪里還有心情再挖獨家。有些於是“退居二線”做了編輯，或者離開通訊社和報紙這樣過於“操勞”的媒體，找一家類似《ELLE》這樣的時尚月刊寫寫那幾場風花雪月的事。&lt;br /&gt;除了這樣或者那樣的抱怨，記者們當然也有開心的時刻。最開心的莫過於發現可以“震動地球”(shake the world)的獨家新聞，比獨家新聞更開心的也許是你和志同道合的新聞戰友們一起聊起獨家新聞背後的故事，那時候你會發現享受過程和追求結果其實一樣重要。&lt;br /&gt;當然也可能有寫錯的時候，能找到一兩個真正懂你的人，向他（她）傾訴你的委屈和苦澀，那會是一件無比欣慰的事情。&lt;br /&gt;在我讀大學的時候，校園裏曾經很流行這樣一句話，叫做“理解萬歲”。記者總是希望從各個角度去挖掘和理解某件事情的來龍去脈，其實記者本身也正是最需要被理解的一群人。當每一個記者把他（她）的名字放在整篇報導頂端的時候，他（她）享受榮譽，也時刻準備著接受挑戰。&lt;br /&gt;記者這碗飯，有時真比煙花還寂寞。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-3390558261428625479?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/3390558261428625479/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=3390558261428625479' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3390558261428625479'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3390558261428625479'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_23.html' title='記者這碗飯：比那煙花還寂寞'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-488009664348580542</id><published>2009-03-23T17:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-23T18:05:02.783-07:00</updated><title type='text'>聲音收藏之lobo·首特尔特·林志炫</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/283-how_can_i_tell_her(lobo"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/283-how_can_i_tell_her(lobo&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/2369-tri_martolod(alan_stivell"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/2369-tri_martolod(alan_stivell&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.likenote.com/note/650"&gt;http://www.likenote.com/note/650&lt;/a&gt;-离人(林志炫)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-488009664348580542?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/488009664348580542/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=488009664348580542' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/488009664348580542'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/488009664348580542'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/lobo.html' title='聲音收藏之lobo·首特尔特·林志炫'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-3912683255046418704</id><published>2009-03-22T20:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-22T20:24:02.106-07:00</updated><title type='text'>理財一週報第48期封面：3•29周年慶快到了</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scb-48VdgzI/AAAAAAAAAIw/ScMVl3QCiuY/s1600-h/%E7%BC%A0%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316216664379720498" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 289px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scb-48VdgzI/AAAAAAAAAIw/ScMVl3QCiuY/s400/%E7%BC%A0%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;理財一週報電子版：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://epaper.dfdaily.com/lcyzb/html/2009-03/21/node_222.htm"&gt;http://epaper.dfdaily.com/lcyzb/html/2009-03/21/node_222.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-3912683255046418704?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/3912683255046418704/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=3912683255046418704' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3912683255046418704'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/3912683255046418704'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/48329.html' title='理財一週報第48期封面：3•29周年慶快到了'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scb-48VdgzI/AAAAAAAAAIw/ScMVl3QCiuY/s72-c/%E7%BC%A0%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-7681915171449541136</id><published>2009-03-22T20:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-22T20:13:55.865-07:00</updated><title type='text'>新大陸，旧大陸</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scb8ZtkWCDI/AAAAAAAAAIo/H6XhgHsMGGI/s1600-h/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090323.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316213928816412722" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 304px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scb8ZtkWCDI/AAAAAAAAAIo/H6XhgHsMGGI/s400/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090323.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;東方早報解讀&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://epaper.dfdaily.com/dfzb/html/2009-03/23/node_11.htm"&gt;http://epaper.dfdaily.com/dfzb/html/2009-03/23/node_11.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-7681915171449541136?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/7681915171449541136/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=7681915171449541136' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7681915171449541136'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7681915171449541136'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_22.html' title='新大陸，旧大陸'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Scb8ZtkWCDI/AAAAAAAAAIo/H6XhgHsMGGI/s72-c/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA20090323.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-2593743652984626523</id><published>2009-03-19T20:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-22T19:02:27.412-07:00</updated><title type='text'>自由主義的臺美通信：殷海光·哈耶克·林毓生</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScMNCnCamPI/AAAAAAAAAIQ/DvbUv6rFdco/s1600-h/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5315106323717331186" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 234px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScMNCnCamPI/AAAAAAAAAIQ/DvbUv6rFdco/s400/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;1960年，林毓生告別臺灣。&lt;br /&gt;太平洋，招商局一艘運沙貨輪上，林是12名順便搭乘的旅客之一。&lt;br /&gt;“船長轉告，他從臺灣的廣播中獲悉雷先生被抓的消息……”&lt;br /&gt;林“心情非常沉重，知道民主運動將受到極大的挫傷，同時極為擔心殷先生和他的家人的處境。”《殷海光林毓生書信錄》（吉林出版社，2008年12月第一版）記載。&lt;br /&gt;被抓的雷先生，是雷震。林所擔心的殷先生，是殷海光。&lt;br /&gt;林的留美，將美國的知識潮流和臺灣的思潮聯繫起來。很快，他會把哈耶克這樣的前衛思想通過信函，傳遞給風暴過後的殷海光。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;壹。&lt;br /&gt;1960年，發生什麼？（http://baike.baidu.com/view/286668.htm）&lt;br /&gt;2月13日：核彈測試：法國測試本國的第一枚原子彈。 2月21日：古巴領導人卡斯楚把古巴所有的商業國有化。 3月6日：越南戰爭：美國宣佈將派3,500美軍士兵前往越南。 5月9日：美國批准出售避孕丸。 7月14日：日本首相岸信介遇刺。 9月10日：伊拉克、伊朗、科威特、委內瑞拉、沙烏地阿拉伯等第三世界產油國，為維護本國石油利益，在伊拉克首都巴格達開會，成立了石油輸出國組織。 9月24日：美國企業號航空母艦完工下水。 11月5日：中國仿製的第一枚近程導彈發射&lt;a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/19192.htm" target="_blank"&gt;成功&lt;/a&gt;。11月8日：美國總統競選；&lt;a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/271181.htm" target="_blank"&gt;共和黨&lt;/a&gt;理查·尼克森輸給了民主黨約翰·甘迺迪。&lt;br /&gt;這是個大時代。而在臺灣，一個重要的歷史事件是，《自由中國》停刊。該刊本於1949年在上海被提起，但是，國民黨退敗臺灣後，11月成立於臺北。雷震率領的知識份子逐漸走上反蔣路線。維琪百科記錄：“《自由中國》以‘今日的問題’系列社論全面討論國是，首篇由&lt;a title="殷海光" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%89&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;殷海光&lt;/a&gt;執筆之‘反攻大陸問題’，觸動政治禁忌，末篇‘反對黨問題’，主張‘反對黨是解決一切問題關鍵之所在’。”&lt;br /&gt;“他從&lt;a title="1958年" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1958%E5%B9%B4&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;1958年&lt;/a&gt;起參與&lt;a title="李万居" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E8%90%AC%E5%B1%85&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;李萬居&lt;/a&gt;、&lt;a title="吴三连" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;吳三連&lt;/a&gt;、&lt;a title="高玉树" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%8E%89%E6%A8%B9&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;高玉樹&lt;/a&gt;等78人發起組織的“&lt;a title="中国地方自治研究会 (页面未存在)" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%9C%83&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1"&gt;中國地方自治研究會&lt;/a&gt;”，該組織無法取得行政機構之許可而無法成立。”&lt;br /&gt;“&lt;a title="1960年" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1960%E5%B9%B4&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;1960年&lt;/a&gt;，雷震與台港在野人士共同連署反對蔣介石三連任總統。&lt;a title="5月4日" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5%E6%9C%884%E6%97%A5&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;5月4日&lt;/a&gt;他發表了《我們為什麼迫切需要一個強有力的反對黨》，鼓吹成立反對黨參與選舉以制衡執政黨。&lt;a title="5月18日" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5%E6%9C%8818%E6%97%A5&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;5月18日&lt;/a&gt;非國民黨籍人士舉行選舉改進檢討會，主張成立新黨，要求公正選舉，實現真正的民主。決議即日起組織“地方選舉改進座談會”，隨即籌備組織&lt;a title="中国民主党 (台湾)" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3)&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;中國民主黨&lt;/a&gt;。雷震擔任地方選舉改進座談會召集委員，與李萬居、高玉樹共同擔任發言人。7至8月間舉行四次分區座談會，情治單位進行密切監控。同年&lt;a title="9月4日" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=9%E6%9C%884%E6%97%A5&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;9月4日&lt;/a&gt;他、&lt;a title="刘子英 (页面未存在)" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E5%AD%90%E8%8B%B1&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1"&gt;劉子英&lt;/a&gt;、&lt;a title="马之骕 (页面未存在)" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E4%B9%8B%E9%A9%8C&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1"&gt;馬之驌&lt;/a&gt;、&lt;a title="傅正" href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%85%E6%AD%A3&amp;amp;variant=zh-cn"&gt;傅正&lt;/a&gt;被逮捕，並被軍事法庭以“包庇匪諜、煽動叛亂”的罪名判處十年徒刑。”&lt;br /&gt;林毓生當年赴芝加哥大學留學。根據《殷海光林毓生書信錄》記載，在12月12月31日的書信（也是林到美後給殷的第一封信）中，並沒有提到雷震案，也沒有提到《自由中國》。&lt;br /&gt;後來，林在《書信錄》的注解裏講述了他到臺灣後的情形。&lt;br /&gt;“抵美以後，道路傳聞，臺灣正處於風聲鶴唳、一片肅殺的氛圍之中。然而，殷先生則凜然屹立於法西斯政權的猙獰面目之前。由他起草，夏道平與宋明文兩先生與他共同簽名的聲明，在雷先生被抓以後，於臺北報刊上刊出。”&lt;br /&gt;他們說：既然逮捕雷震先生的罪名包括《自由中國》的社論，雖未署名，實際上多是他們所寫，所以他們也負有責任。&lt;br /&gt;林的注解寫道：這樣公然抗拒、挑戰獨裁政權的言論，使我一方面對於殷先生“威武不能屈”的嶙峋風骨肅然感到景仰；另一方面，預感到蔣氏政權對殷先生將一步、一步加緊進行迫害，我的內心感到極為悲苦。由於知道臺灣的秘密員警一定會對我們來往的信件進行檢查，我的內心深處的深切感受，卻無法再信中向殷先生表達。&lt;br /&gt;於是，林在給殷的信中，都用了“毓生叩”這樣的字眼。後來林才知道，殷發現後，在“叩”字上用紅筆劃了個圈。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;貳、&lt;br /&gt;1961年4月3日，“來美半年”，林在信中難掩興奮。&lt;br /&gt;他告訴殷，芝加哥大學的學習氛圍，介紹自己的課業。而殷，遠遠嚮往之。&lt;br /&gt;他首次提到了哈耶克。&lt;br /&gt;“海耶克（哈耶克）先生是一位典型德奧貴族式的學者，貨色甚硬，腦筋非常有力，上tutorial（導師課）的時候，除了談學問以外，一句閒話不講，因此必須充分準備，否則幾分鐘就沒有話可說了。”&lt;br /&gt;哈耶克是1950年離開倫敦政治經濟學院，前往芝加哥大學社會思想委員會擔任教授的。&lt;br /&gt;林提到，他從哈耶克閱讀托克維爾的Mill’s On Liberty，以及哈耶克自己的著作《自由憲章》。&lt;br /&gt;實際上，該書是在1959年5月完成的。此前，林讀過《通往奴役之路》。&lt;br /&gt;“當年殷海光先生將哈耶克（殷先生譯作海耶克）先生的《通往奴役之路》翻譯成中文，我在《自由中國》上面看到，就想把原著拿來讀。當時外匯管制，買西文書要經過一個有外匯配額的書店。我是用我的第一筆稿費訂購的，是我翻譯羅素的一篇文章的稿費——殷先生幫我改過，那時我還沒有獨立翻譯的能力。我想對這第一筆稿費的最好紀念，就是把《通往奴役之路》的原版書買來。這時候我已經看了殷先生的幾篇翻譯，同時也看了一些羅素有關政治、社會的著作。一比較，才知道羅素跟哈耶克不能比，羅素實在沒有深度，哈耶克非常有深度。當時想，如能跟這位思想家讀書不是一件很美妙的事嗎？不過覺得那只是一個夢想，沒想到4年以後竟然實現了。”2005年，林在接受《南方人物週刊》專訪時回憶說。&lt;br /&gt;現在，林可以讀到《自由憲章》了。&lt;br /&gt;大概就是在林赴美前後，《華爾街日報》的一位書評家說，“這本書受到了廣泛歡迎;即使是通常對反國家統制主義立場抱有敵意的報刊,對這本書也表示了敬重之意。《自由憲章》當然沒有《通往奴役之路》那樣強大的影響力,但從某種意義上說,這反倒令人鼓舞,因為這似乎證明瞭,哈耶克的立場已經重新成為某種令人尊重的思想模式。他不再被視為怪物,視為自由至上主義者,‘老輝格黨人’,徹頭徹尾的個人主義的信奉者了”。&lt;br /&gt;《哈耶克傳：哈耶克的愛與痛》記錄，哈耶克曾希望,《自由憲章》跟《通往奴役之路》一樣能夠廣泛地流行。這本書於1960年2月9日正式出版上市,不過書評和新書樣本早在1959年就已經陸續寄出了。除了報刊雜誌之外,哈耶克本人或他人也向全世界、當然主要是美國的學者、企業領袖、政府官員寄出了不少本樣書。儘管這些推銷宣傳費用大部分由芝加哥大學出版社承擔,不過哈耶克本人也掏了一點腰包。&lt;br /&gt;“他希望贏得更多的讀者。他給《時代》週刊寫了信,希望該雜誌發表書評,他說,表面上看起來,《自由憲章》是一本學術性著作,實際上是寫給普通讀者的。不過該雜誌後來並沒有發表書評。他寄給很多報刊的信都與此類似,並附上一本樣書。在這些信中他說,這本書主要是寫給商人和公共事務與公共輿論領袖們的。他親自向前總統胡佛、副總統尼克森、《時代》雜誌出版人亨利·盧斯、向沃爾特·李普曼、向總統經濟顧問委員會成員等人寄上樣書。看起來,尼克森還至少翻過這本書,並且基本上認同他的看法。” 《哈耶克傳：哈耶克的愛與痛》作者&lt;br /&gt;1960年，哈耶克辭掉了“朝聖山學社”主席職務。&lt;br /&gt;看起來，林毓生接受了《自由憲章》。而且哈耶克還推薦林獲得了威廉·幄克爾基金會的三千元“最高獎學金”。林自己說，“我跟海耶克做的tutorial course得了一個A，才得到他的鼎力支持。”&lt;br /&gt;殷的回應是，“能得到Hayek這樣的教授賞識，真是三生有幸。”&lt;br /&gt;7月15日，林在信中再次提到了哈耶克，而且展開長篇論述。切入點是美國的生活方式問題。“美國的生活方式，至少就我接觸所及的，覺得很不夠理想，可謂整個cultural pattern（文化模式）在一種不穩定的狀態下。從‘長期’的觀點來看，實在蘊藏著很大危機。……過去二十年可悲的經驗，使得現代美國人，放棄了一切價值標準”；“美國一般人一天忙到晚，汽車衝衝沖，沒有meditation（沉思），哪里可能含孕出深沉而遠大的思想”；“美國人裝模作樣，大都有神經病，既現實又aggressive，毫無精神境界可言……。人類文明發展到美國middle class的境界也真堪稱一‘絕’了。俗得令人窒息，而他們卻還都自鳴得意”。&lt;br /&gt;“就拿同學們對海耶克先生的理論的看法來說吧，大多數可謂抱著不加思考的反對的態度，少數贊成的同學，似乎也因覺得不‘合’時代潮流，感到很不安……”&lt;br /&gt;林寫道：美國現在的liberalism正是哈耶克這種liberalism所痛切反對的collectivism，這種intellectual climate很像三十七、八年代的北平知識界。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;叁。&lt;br /&gt;1961年，是哈耶克寫完《自由憲章》的第三年。&lt;br /&gt;林毓生8月20日寫道：他“常看到海先生自己跑到書庫裏找材料”。&lt;br /&gt;12月24日。&lt;br /&gt;“耶誕節前夕，宿舍同學都已回家過節，冷冷清清地址有幾個玩過學生在這所大房子裏。窗外一片銀色世界，當年Fermi發現chain reaction的芝大運動場，被雪鋪著像蓋了一層白鵝毯一樣，街上車子、行人都稀少了，想必都在家裏圍繞著火爐談笑之中，自己一個人形單影隻，實在非常寂寞。”&lt;br /&gt;後在臺灣，殷海光病了。&lt;br /&gt;林給殷介紹了自己的進步和計畫。“我準備明年春季或者秋季考Fundamentals，明年秋天以後集中全力跟海耶克先生和Milton Singer先生弄一年關於社會科學和史學的conepts &amp;amp; methods and interrelations的問題。”&lt;br /&gt;他們的通信，總是夾雜英文。&lt;br /&gt;林甚至還給殷建議：我覺得以您的backqround最適合做一個social critic，治歷史知識與自己的觀察於一爐，必然有很大成就。例如近代中國政治、經濟、社會與思想的發展以及其相互的關係，就是一個很大的題目。隨便找一個period，例如周策縱的五四運動，就要花許多年工夫去做。&lt;br /&gt;殷關愛“毓生老弟”，沒有回應這個建議。不過他倒是給孤寂的林提出了無可奈何的環境裏的“救藥”。在1962年3月28日的信中寫道：一，把愛情移向將來一點點；二、藉搞大學問來昇華若干；三、找些outlets，例如，聽音樂……等等。&lt;br /&gt;不過，不久後殷似乎回應了林的建議。因為林給殷的信裏說：您信上說，準備從事中國近代思想史的研究，我們聽了都非常高興。&lt;br /&gt;林鼓勵殷並提出了自己的建議：不必把社會學、心理學、人類學都搞清楚才寫，先開始寫草稿。&lt;br /&gt;這次寫信，是4月25日臨晨4點。林說，他跟美國姑娘的浪漫暫告一段落了。&lt;br /&gt;他告訴殷的哈耶克《自由憲章》已經掛號投郵，大概一個月之內可以收到。&lt;br /&gt;林在信裏熱切的介紹了這本書。&lt;br /&gt;“海氏這本大著，是他畢生研究自由主義的精華，正如他所說，是一部comprehensive restatement,of the philosophy of freedom”；立論之嚴謹，思想之周密包羅之廣博，與辨析之有力，恐怕自洛克以來無任何人能出其右。海氏在西方自由思想史的地位自《通往奴役之路》建立基礎，至此書之出版，似有前越古人，後無來者之勢。”&lt;br /&gt;林說自己“苦讀”此書，至此“應用自如”。他認為，回頭讀洛克、休謨、愛克頓、密爾、托克維爾時反而覺得他們一鱗半爪，雖然各有所見，但所見者似乎沒有不被哈耶克吸收消化用現代語言重新有系統地報告過的。&lt;br /&gt;“這本書自然不是萬無一失的‘聖經’，尤其是在第三部分。”林引用倫敦政治經濟學院經濟學教授lord Robbins的評論來支持自己的觀點。&lt;br /&gt;不過，林還是覺得殷會喜歡此書。他請海耶克在首頁簽字紀念。&lt;br /&gt;林提到，海耶克可能離開美國去德講學。&lt;br /&gt;“我私心希望至少他再留意年，下一學年我可集中精神跟他弄歷史和社會科學的方法和他們相互的關係，否則便很難找到最理想的導師。”&lt;br /&gt;大概哈耶克沒有想到，他在西方冷遇的思想，有兩位迫切的知音。&lt;br /&gt;實際上，5月29日，林就通告殷：哈耶克定於5月30日離美。說是經濟系弗裏德曼等和芝加哥大學當局談好了，挽留其65歲時不必退休。不過，哈耶克已經接受聘書了。“非常遺憾，再跟他念一年就好了！”&lt;br /&gt;林打算次年跟密爾頓•辛格（Milton Singer）學習。不過他抱怨“不過只是一個好教授而非思想家！”&lt;br /&gt;哈耶克搬去西德，執教於弗賴堡大學。在那裏，他完成了《法、立法與自由》。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;肆。&lt;br /&gt;哈耶克離開美國，林與殷關於他的交流並沒有就此結束。&lt;br /&gt;8月18日，殷寫信給林，談哈耶克的書。“至少自二戰以來，保衛自由的偉大著作，就我迄今所知，只有兩本。第一本是總所周知的K. 波柏爾先生所著THE OPEN SOCIETY AND ITS ENIMIES。這本書是從思想史的著手俯衝而下來解析地保衛自由。第二本我看就要數海耶克先生這部大著了。”&lt;br /&gt;“這部大著，一開局就不同凡響：氣象籠罩著整個自由世界的存亡，思域概括著整個自由制度的經緯。不僅此也，海耶克先生不僅能作此大幅度的開展，而且能將它所立原則，具體地引用於一些緊要的個別問題。這是一般思想家所望塵莫及的地方。”&lt;br /&gt;並且，殷還對哈耶克的治學發表了看法。說哈耶克注釋也精到，“三步一崗，五步一崗”，“附注之多，簡直逼得人透不過氣來。”。&lt;br /&gt;“我想，在港臺一帶，我即令不是唯一能瞭解他在political theory方面的人，也是極少數的人之一。”&lt;br /&gt;此函透露出殷的佩服與自得之情。之後，殷、林二人對知識份子生態進行了推心置腹地談話。&lt;br /&gt;在歲末的通信中，林回應了殷“對於國內、國外知識份子的概歎”。他引述了自己此前給另外一友人的長信說：“我覺得很寂寞，不但在情感上如此，在思想上更是如此，看看咱們這一代年輕人，再看看老一代，有幾個是頭腦清楚並對聲明具有熱誠的人？……時至今日文明可能隨時毀滅，真正可以珍惜的是個人和個人間真摯情感的交流。……中國畫裏有所謂‘真性行情’，這和英文裏的sincerity相近，這是我最珍惜的，反而言之，沒有真性情的人是我最厭惡的。”&lt;br /&gt;林還引用了另外一封信：“我Jude你應該憑藉良心和知識，對於老先生們的虛妄，予以不客氣的批評，中國一切都積習太深，非用越格手段不能改良，這種作風可能招致多個人的不便，但人生不過百年，個人的不便算得什麼呢？有人說吧人生看穿了容易變成cynical，才能使一個真正的理想主義者，也只有真正的理想主義者才有批評社會的權利。”&lt;br /&gt;林時年29。“這些話，自然是建立在對於生命具有信心的基礎上，我覺得誠懇或欺詐，努力做人或玩世不恭，都和對於生命是否具有信心有很大的關係。聲明的前提必須預設在某一種意義上，至少我們要去尋找，去發掘聲明的意義。”&lt;br /&gt;10月8日，林告訴殷，他可能寫關於西方思想對於中國知識份子影像之類的論文題目。&lt;br /&gt;而且，哈耶克當年秋天也會芝加哥大學講學，漢娜·阿倫特被聘開始授課。&lt;br /&gt;阿倫特“一頭灰白的頭髮，是一位很和諧的老太太，頭一堂課，因為人數太多換了兩次教室。”&lt;br /&gt;而林自己已經和阿倫特單獨講好了到時課程，跟他念亞里斯多德的《妮可瑪欽倫理學》。&lt;br /&gt;殷回復了林的課程，表示自己對馬克斯·韋伯比較感興趣。&lt;br /&gt;根據1965年2月9日的信，林因哈耶克推薦，獲得Earhart Fellowship，並忙於給哈耶克寫報告，連給殷即刻寫信。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;伍。&lt;br /&gt;在這封信裏，哈耶克提到“他和他的夫人”。哈耶克夫婦準備9、10月間訪臺三道四星期。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;（待續）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div 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title='自由主義的臺美通信：殷海光·哈耶克·林毓生'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScMNCnCamPI/AAAAAAAAAIQ/DvbUv6rFdco/s72-c/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-1467078245816367634</id><published>2009-03-19T18:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-19T18:31:58.014-07:00</updated><title type='text'>有刺客</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;這大概是許知遠寫得比較好的一篇文章。原滋原味的中國。或許也是對以往西化非議的潛意識回應和較勁。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScLt0F5LkAI/AAAAAAAAAII/wKwgPsH8P5E/s1600-h/%E8%AE%B8%E7%9F%A5%E8%BF%9C.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5315071989441597442" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 356px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScLt0F5LkAI/AAAAAAAAAII/wKwgPsH8P5E/s400/%E8%AE%B8%E7%9F%A5%E8%BF%9C.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;英國《金融時報》中文網專欄作家許知遠，2009-03-19，原標題《刺殺者》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;壹&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;就是在這裏吧，吳越問，舍一生拼與艱難締造，孰更易？&lt;br /&gt;一九零五年夏天，蕪湖縣長街二十號的這幢二層小樓必定顯得逼仄狹窄，它裝不下這幾個青年的高漲情緒和激烈言語。他們在商討如何去刺殺即將出洋的五大臣。這五大臣準備前往日本與歐美考察政治體制，以為清王朝可能實行的君主立憲做準備。&lt;br /&gt;這一年，吳越二十七歲，他從讀書的保定趕往家鄉桐城，他的母親生了重病。途徑蕪湖時，他來這裏探望老朋友陳仲甫，後者正在這辦一份《安徽俗話報》，還沒有開始使用日後著名的名字——陳獨秀。桐城隸屬安慶府，而陳仲甫出生在安慶府老城內，兩人算得上同鄉，陳比吳小一歲。三十二歲的湖南人楊篤生和和二十歲江蘇人趙聲也在場，他們也是相約到此的。&lt;br /&gt;他們或在新式學堂相識，或是通過朋友介紹，或是在東京時相遇過。這是那個時代的風尚，青年人四處遊蕩、結交、爭辯、辦報，有時他們還一起做炸彈。楊篤生是一個宣導用炸彈來暗殺的人，之前暗殺者普遍採用手槍，它的威力太小了，暗殺者普遍缺乏訓練，也很少命中目標。吳越第一次看到在山谷裏的炸彈試驗時，大喜過望，仿佛找到了快捷的解決之道。陳仲甫與楊篤生就是在上海一起研製炸彈時相識，當時常來學習的還有一位滿清翰林，他叫蔡元培。&lt;br /&gt;他們生活在一個思想劇烈轉折的年代，少年時都曾研讀四書五經，準備成為儒家學者中的一員。但是一八九五年的中日戰爭，驚醒了中國“四千年未醒之大夢”。他們是同代人中頭腦最敏銳的，或許也是情感上最衝動的一群。舊的思想秩序坍塌了，他們迫不及待地接受新潮流。梁啟超曾是他們集體的導師，用自己匆匆學習的知識，匆匆地告訴他們整個世界的模樣。&lt;br /&gt;但是，急劇變化的時代讓今天的新思想變成了明天的陳舊物。重大的歷史時間走馬燈式的上演，一八九八年的百日維新，一九零零年的義和團運動，一九零三年的拒俄運動，一九零五年的日俄戰爭、廢除科舉……一八九八年時，康有為、梁啟超還是激進派人物，到了一九零一年，則已被斥責為頑固的保皇派，更激進的革命派已經興起。&lt;br /&gt;那真是個興奮、豐富、刺激而有混亂的年代。新學堂、新報館和新書局不斷建立，他們造就了一個中國歷史上未見的公共平臺和學生人群。自由、平等、博愛、民權、進化、權利、競爭、歐化、國粹、尚武、保種、保教、立憲、革命、個人主義、民族主義、國家主義、民生主義、軍國主義、虛無主義……新名詞、新概念，成群結隊、相互矛盾地湧來。它們讓一代青年既亢奮又迷惘，他們的頭腦就像是各種思想的跑馬場。吳越留下的自傳中生動地記錄了這一切。早期，他閱讀梁啟超的《清議報》，所以就天天和別人談論立憲，斥責西太后昏庸，而光緒帝聖明，倘若別人不同意康、梁的主張，他就排斥他們。但是當革命派的聲音流行時，他又閱讀《猛回頭》、《革命軍》、《皇帝魂》，他的思想又為之一變，感慨說梁啟超幾乎誤導他了。&lt;br /&gt;一場重大而激烈的爭論已經開始——面對強權的欺侮，中國能夠依靠由上而下的改革來實現強大，還是必須要通過一場革命、推翻滿族人的統治來實現，這一小部分異族人壓抑了廣大漢人的能量，只要推翻它，中國的種種困境都可能迎刃而解。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;贰&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;小樓裏的這四個青年，傾向于後者。言語的激烈、行動的極端，是那個時代的風尚。這位陳仲甫就曾在兩年前留學日本時剪了清朝學監姚煜的辮子，當時由張繼抱腰，鄒容捧頭，陳來揮剪。捧頭的鄒容已死於上海監獄中，才十八歲。死亡加劇了他的傳奇色彩，他那本激烈的《革命軍》在青年學生中幾乎人手一冊，它鼓舞起英雄式的殉道精神。&lt;br /&gt;這種殉道精神，似乎也是他們應對現實的被迫反應。王朝的體制依舊強大，革命組織弱小、分散、缺乏組織。後者也缺乏足夠基礎，他們只是一群受過新式教育的青年人，和廣闊的社會基層格格不入，也難以取得普通人的理解。在某種程度上，他們像是俄國知識份子的翻版。俄國革命者索菲亞·佩羅夫斯卡的確引起了他們的共鳴。這位著名的無政府主義者，出生于沙皇官僚家庭，卻成為了一名激進學生，組織了恐怖組織，最終在一八八一年刺殺沙皇，失敗後被處死，年僅二十七歲。當她的故事被介紹給中國的學生時，她的冒險和自我犧牲，的確令他們血脈賁張。恐怖與暴力受到日益的推崇，它似乎是應對無邊的腐爛與黑暗的最簡潔、有效的手段。&lt;br /&gt;這些青年不僅受到這些俄國無政府主義者的鼓舞，來自歷史深處的迴響也影響著他們。年少時他們都受著中國古典教育，要進入士林，而士的精神中有一脈正是為了道義而自我犧牲的精神，從東漢太學士的清議到明末的東林黨人，再到幾年前譚嗣同的慷慨赴義，為了某種信念，而抗爭權貴、以身殉道，被世代傳誦與崇敬。&lt;br /&gt;吳越或許是這四個人中最激烈的一位。萬福華在去年刺殺前廣西巡撫王之春、王漢刺殺戶部侍郎鐵良的事蹟就曾深深震撼他。二十一歲的王漢尤其代表那一代人的激烈程度：鐵良的防備嚴密，他無從下手，燃燒的怒火無處發洩，他憤而投井，留下遺書一封。&lt;br /&gt;吳越的試圖刺殺物件不斷改變，慈禧太后、鐵良，都難以得手，而這次五大臣給予他新的希望。況且，他們都在擔心，倘若清王朝真的立憲成功，革命就無望了。此刻的中國，像是一場改良與新政的賽跑。在很多方面它黑暗和潰爛，但另一方面它似乎又在銳意進取，開辦新學堂、鼓勵商業公司、取消科舉制、大練新兵、考察立憲，種種在一八九八年無法實現的革新舉措，一個接一個的發生，加爾文•馬蒂爾，一位長期生活在山東的長老會傳教士，代表了很多旁觀者的看法。“目前的情況與我四十一年半前到來時形成了鮮明的對比”，他在一九零五年給朋友的一封信中寫道，“那時任何東西是僵死和停滯的，但現在是活躍和變化的……不遠的將來必有偉大的事情發生。”&lt;br /&gt;吳越試圖能中斷這個進程，以促成革命的到來。我無法猜想小樓的景象，據說他問出開頭的那個問題後，其他三人說當然是前者容易，而建設起一個新國家難了。吳越於是說，我來完成容易的，而你們來完成難的。他知道自己必將一死。&lt;br /&gt;九月二十六日，北京正陽門火車站像是舉辦一場盛大的告別宴會。五位考察大臣在親友、大臣、社會各界人士的簇擁下，準備離去，之前他們剛剛集體拜祭祖先。載澤、徐世昌、紹英三位大臣坐于前車廂，而戴鴻慈和端方則坐在後面的車廂裏面。&lt;br /&gt;突然間，一聲巨響，人群一片譁然，前車一個一身皂隸裝扮的瘦弱男子倒地，他的腹部已被炸開，五臟六腑已經流出。沒人知道他是誰，只知道又是一次未遂的暗殺。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;color:#000000;"&gt;叁&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;“就是在這裏”，老太太指著這間大韓日化雜貨店說。我在這蕪湖長街走了好一段，問了一家又一家——陳獨秀當年辦書店、鬧革命的長街二十號在哪里？&lt;br /&gt;沿青弋江而建、從魚市口至長江口的這條由紅色麻石和青石板鋪就的小路，曾是蕪湖繁華中心，號稱十裏長街。街兩旁是林立的商鋪，販賣著來自全國各地的貨物。因為被開闢為通商口岸，和長江航運的日益發達，十九世紀末與二十世紀初的蕪湖曾是南方最繁榮和開放的城市之一。西方的商人與傳教士紛至遝來。他們給本地帶來了被入侵的屈辱，但也帶來了種種新事物和新觀念。美孚公司的洋油，勾人魂魄的照相術，懸掛著米字旗的鳴笛汽輪，還有聲稱能拯救靈魂的耶酥，人們習慣在每一個新事物前加上一個“洋”字，“洋油”、“洋火”、“洋布”，還有“洋大人”，它們都代表一個更強大的力量……&lt;br /&gt;長街二十號的店鋪，就是一家“洋書店”，它叫蕪湖科學圖書社。這裏沒有《三字經》、《千字文》、《大學》、《中庸》，有的是《申報》、《新民叢報》、《大公報》、《時報》、《東方雜誌》，書籍則是翻譯小說、人物傳記，很多出自梁啟超的手筆。店鋪裏也沒有財神的龕籠，遇到特別節日不燒金銀紙，甚至也沒有“老太”的牌位，蕪湖人都知道“老太”的威力，她是成精的狐狸，不能得罪。它還在門口安裝大玻璃窗，夜晚時，“洋味道”還會更明顯，電燈的光芒穿過玻璃門，亮堂堂的，而其他店鋪只是昏黃的洋油燈。就連長街上隨處可見的乞丐也能明白這一點，當他們在書店門口討飯時，只要旁人說一生“這是洋書店”，他們頓時就前往別家了。&lt;br /&gt;陳獨秀就是在這家書店裏辦他的 《安徽俗話報》的，那場悲壯、殺氣騰騰的談話也是在這裏進行的。&lt;br /&gt;“洋書店”在九十年代初的城市改造中被拆毀了，那時的陳獨秀似乎仍生活在“託派分子”與“右傾機會主義”的陰影中，他的名聲沒能保存住它。熱情的老太太已經七十歲了，她在隔壁開一家衣物店，她的那個膚色特別白的女兒正熟練地給一個客人裝一包赫色的手套。她家是長街不多的老房子，大概也是建於晚清了。她的父親也是個生意人，在這裏賣工廠所需的銅扣。他見過陳獨秀，也向他的女兒談起過他。“後面有一條窄窄的巷子”，老太太努力恢復起她記憶碎片，“清兵來抓他時，他就從後面跑走。”&lt;br /&gt;她挪動著矮胖胖的身材，帶我們去看她的家，它的結構和陳獨秀的洋書店一模一樣。從外屋到裏面有條狹窄、幽深的過道，沒裝燈，黑黑的，只靠出口的光線來照亮，就仿佛我們一不小心踏入了時光隧道，出了走道，就會遭遇到正在爭論的陳獨秀和吳越。堆滿了成堆的衣服的走道，最終沒變成時光隧道，老太太帶著我們走到裏面，再上樓，側牆上已生滿了青苔。&lt;br /&gt;十裏長街仍舊熱鬧，卻再不是繁榮的中心，它甚至也不能說是十裏了，一幢正在建的高樓生硬地截斷了它，只有上年紀的人才記得。一家接一家商鋪，從床單、暖瓶、年畫、衛生紙、電視機到文具，你能想像的關於生活的一切用品，這裏都有。來這裏逛的只是附近郊縣的批發商了，他們將這裏的貨物再賣給鄉下。每一家店鋪都雜亂、擁擠，路面髒贓的，大家都習慣於在這種無序和簡陋中生活。白牆灰瓦的舊樓已被幾乎拆光了，換上的兩層磚樓——它們既沒有過去，也沒有簇新的將來，只等著被替代。只有看板是鮮豔和明亮的，半裸的白種男人與女人，這些不知從哪里找來的模特，展示不知從中國哪個偏僻工廠生產出來的內衣——它們都有個洋名字。&lt;br /&gt;我們沿青弋江散步，它窄、水流很小，不比它的名字那樣逸興，兩旁高樓拔地而起，都算是江景豪宅了吧。過了中山橋，再有兩百米就是長江了，它平靜的流過，中江塔還殘破地矗立在江邊，不過一個嶄新的透明怪物也矗立它對面，不知為何，我想起了吳敬仲，兩天前我在桐城見到了他，他是吳越的孫子……&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;（作者的郵件：edmund.z.xu@gmail.com，他最近的一本書是《醒來——從甲午戰爭到鍍金年代》）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-1467078245816367634?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/1467078245816367634/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=1467078245816367634' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1467078245816367634'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/1467078245816367634'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_19.html' title='有刺客'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScLt0F5LkAI/AAAAAAAAAII/wKwgPsH8P5E/s72-c/%E8%AE%B8%E7%9F%A5%E8%BF%9C.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-7545757497032364803</id><published>2009-03-18T19:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-19T18:14:42.438-07:00</updated><title type='text'>豪傑凡民</title><content type='html'>豪傑凡民之分，只從庇人與庇於人處識取。 ——《李贄文集·別劉肖川書》&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;不智故不仁，故無勇，而智實為之先。——《複耿侗老書》&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-7545757497032364803?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/7545757497032364803/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=7545757497032364803' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7545757497032364803'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/7545757497032364803'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_8893.html' title='豪傑凡民'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-450731951960373576</id><published>2009-03-18T18:59:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-23T19:18:00.463-07:00</updated><title type='text'>中國式廁所与茅所長的帽子</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;color:#666666;"&gt;茅（天則研究所）所長於軾先生，小心窮人在你帽子裏撒尿拉屎&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScGn9VecQAI/AAAAAAAAAIA/u7eAyOh2gik/s1600-h/%E5%B0%BF%E5%A3%B6.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314713707452579842" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 376px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScGn9VecQAI/AAAAAAAAAIA/u7eAyOh2gik/s400/%E5%B0%BF%E5%A3%B6.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 最近裝修辦公室。廁所的位置，也在討論之列。我們的辦公室是不是需要量個廁所？因為，辦公室分為兩部分，所以，是不是兩部分要分別有一間廁所。這樣方便方便。&lt;br /&gt;對於中國人而言，方便，可以隨意，也可以精心。山野鄉民，公路邊，就面朝青草盡情釋放。有意思的是，從成都到上海，都有這樣的現象，而且在大街上。而且，人們在上海似乎還更加鎮定自若。&lt;br /&gt;上海地鐵的流動廁所，實在不怎麼樣。&lt;br /&gt;上海火車南站，新建幾年，洗手間，成了吸煙室。滾滾濃煙從洗手間蔓延而出，整個動車組候車室味道濃重。&lt;br /&gt;據說，上海規劃市區在某個期限內要實現多少米內一定要找到廁所。&lt;br /&gt;廁所是城市的大事情。五星級廁所遍地開花，從縣級市到上海，廁所日趨豪華。不管怎麼豪華，不管怎麼香氣撲鼻，我還是覺得香港的廁所，舒適。&lt;br /&gt;地上沒有亂七八糟的腳印，很少遇到壞的水龍頭。&lt;br /&gt;我曾經買過一套有趣的歷史書，什麼洗澡的歷史之類，就缺人考證廁所的演進。而且都是西方的視角。甚至看過一本《屁的歷史》，記錄人類對屁的處理。&lt;br /&gt;網路搜集，某博客說是有一本《廁神：廁所的文明史》，倒是沒有看過。博主說，該書彙集了眾多有"歷史價值"的廁所、便器、茅屋，以及有"代表性"的人類排泄習慣。從中，我們既能看到遠古人類為處理自己的排泄物如何馬虎，又如何費盡周章；宗教禁欲的中世紀，人們在排便和信仰上帝的問題上如何左右為難；啟蒙時代，人的理性思想大大發展，而處理糞便的能力卻依然止步不前，為那個時代"完美的人"的形象留下了"汙點"；維多利亞時代"體面而正經"的便壺映射了那個時代特有的保守的道德觀；近世人們如何處心積慮地發明抽水馬桶，各式各樣的創意設想，讓人忍俊不禁，等等。此外，該書還關注廁所亞文化---那些諱稱、別名、塗鴉。閱畢全書，一條廁所發展的長河在眼前流過，該書一開篇就宣稱，人類文明並非從文字開始，而是從第一個廁所發明開始。博主還注明：》（美）朱莉·霍蘭著，許士鵬譯，上海人民出版社２００６年１月 。&lt;br /&gt;有時間一定買來研究。&lt;br /&gt;百度還記錄：“上廁所也有很多種叫法，古代叫更衣，後來叫解手，現代叫方便，叫如廁，叫出恭，上洗手間。粗俗的叫大便小便，文雅的叫洗手。西方人把上廁所說成是摘花，日本男人在野外方便叫打獵。”&lt;br /&gt;不過，我還是關心中國式廁所的演進。&lt;br /&gt;“據《周禮》記載，我國早在三千多年以前就在路邊道旁建有廁所。”&lt;br /&gt;《說文字釋》中詮釋“廁”字時說，“廁，言人雜在上，非一也……言至穢之處宜常修治，使潔清也。”&lt;br /&gt;“宋太祖趙匡胤平定四川，將後蜀皇宮裏的器物全運回汴京，發現其中有一個鑲滿瑪瑙翡翠的盆子，愛不釋手，差點兒用來盛酒喝。”可見，中國古代上流，還是注重廁所的。&lt;br /&gt;不過，中國貧民大概就沒有這樣的愜意生活了。 &lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SchCvPunXGI/AAAAAAAAAJA/keskd2queJk/s1600-h/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%95%E6%89%80.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5316572739554204770" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/SchCvPunXGI/AAAAAAAAAJA/keskd2queJk/s320/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%95%E6%89%80.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;百度知道稱，在16至19世紀的北京，也就是明王朝和清王朝時期，商業一片繁榮的背後，是公共設施的匱乏和管理的無序。偌大一個北京城，公共廁所寥寥可數，以致有“京師無廁”的說法傳世。明代王思任在《文飯小品》中直陳時弊，將京城比喻成一個巨大的廁所。&lt;br /&gt;蔣介石發起的“新生活運動”，也有對吐痰和如廁文明的內容。&lt;br /&gt;不過，到今天，在各類廁所裏，都還可以看到可愛的標語：來也衝衝，去也衝衝。小便入池。等等，林林種種。&lt;br /&gt;在廁所文明的進程裏，有一個故事，大概所有人都知道。據說，劉邦取天下，竟然用文人帽子撒尿。&lt;br /&gt;最近，經濟學家茅于軾先生，也專門提到了廁所的事情。他為防止富人買廉租房出了一計：廉租房不弄廁所。&lt;br /&gt;不知道茅於軾（天則研究所）所長先生，是出於什麼理論。但是，我認為，為文明計，既然是給人住的房子，不管是富人窮人，都還是應該有廁所的。&lt;br /&gt;不然，窮人，就要向你的帽子裏撒尿拉屎了。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7544634231397816833-450731951960373576?l=jinpingmei2.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/feeds/450731951960373576/comments/default' title='帖子评论'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7544634231397816833&amp;postID=450731951960373576' title='0 条评论'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/450731951960373576'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7544634231397816833/posts/default/450731951960373576'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jinpingmei2.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_18.html' title='中國式廁所与茅所長的帽子'/><author><name>張雲坡</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02715245712962098221</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/ScGn9VecQAI/AAAAAAAAAIA/u7eAyOh2gik/s72-c/%E5%B0%BF%E5%A3%B6.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7544634231397816833.post-5516456613357817018</id><published>2009-03-17T02:10:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-17T02:14:01.854-07:00</updated><title type='text'>好好工作，相擁入睡</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sb9p0ETtLyI/AAAAAAAAAH4/BFq-_YMbA60/s1600-h/%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A31101090323_400.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314082428550983458" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 301px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_qw8agLtYqUg/Sb9p0ETtLyI/AAAAAAAAAH4/BFq-_YMbA60/s400/%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A31101090323_400.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 我以為時代雜誌會出怎樣的手筆來拯救世界。&lt;br /&gt;2009年3月23日封面報導《10大IDEA立馬改變世界》，為全球經濟再造下的普通人開了藥方。這些藥分別是：工作才是最有價值的資產。到郊區去。新加爾文主義。大興土木溝通州際。生物銀行“儲存”器官。租個國家。打開非洲生意。“生存店鋪”。環保智慧。心態永遠年輕。&lt;br /&gt;工作才是最有價值的資產。到今天，居然成為了新的觀念。&lt;br /&gt;每天7點鐘，醒來，洗洗，下麵條，換衣服，背包，換鞋，電梯，地鐵。有時候枯燥得我都想大叫“臥槽泥馬”。地鐵裏有百萬個像我這樣的人。在爭吵中，穿越城市地下空間。人們走出地鐵站，奔赴寫字樓。&lt;br /&gt;每個人都有自己的故事。我好奇，他們在地鐵裏都在想什麼。這些日子，我想，有許多人都在思考一件事情：公司會不會把我裁掉。&lt;br /&gt;上班的時間越來越短了。5天工作制
